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The 1957 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1957, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the international date line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1957 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Fleet Weather Center on Guam.
[edit] Storms
Twenty-one tropical storms developed in 1957 in the Northwestern Pacific. Tropical depressions were likely, but no records are known to exist that would mention any. Eighteen storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 8 reached super typhoon strength. An additional storm, Della, came across the Dateline from the Central Pacific, therefore it is not taken account in the total number of storms.
[edit] Tropical Storm 01W
| Tropical storm (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
January 3 – January 7 |
| Intensity |
75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min), 995 hPa (mbar) |
The first tropical storm of the season formed on January 3. It moved westward and strengthened to a tropical storm with a pressure of 995 mbar and a windspeed of 45 mph (80 km/h), but shear apparently came into action and weakened 01W to a tropical depression. It hit the Philippines on January 6 with 35 mph (55 km/h) winds and dissipated shortly thereafter on January 7.
[edit] Super Typhoon Rose
| Category 4 super typhoon (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
January 22 – January 27 |
| Intensity |
250 km/h (155 mph) (1-min), 952 hPa (mbar) |
Rose formed on January 21 and moved west-northwest and gradually intensified. It continued to strengthen until it achieved a minimum central pressure of 952 mbar and 155 mph (250 km/h) winds, equivalent to a strong Category 4 hurricane. Shortly thereafter, it weakened to a tropical depression. But the depression lingered northward until Rose dissipated on January 27 without affecting any land.
[edit] Typhoon Shirley
| Category 3 typhoon (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
April 11 – April 18 |
| Intensity |
185 km/h (115 mph) (1-min), 975 hPa (mbar) |
Shirley formed on April 11 east of the Philippines. It moved north and intensified to its brief peak of 115 mph (185 km/h) winds and a pressure of 975 mbar on April 15. Shirley then turned to the northwest and weakened to a tropical storm on April 16. Shirley turned to the west and dissipated on April 18 near the northern end of Luzon.
[edit] Typhoon Trix
| Category 4 typhoon (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
May 2 – May 17 |
| Intensity |
220 km/h (140 mph) (1-min) |
Trix formed on May 2 near the Marshall Islands. It moved north briefly on May 3 and May 4, intensified to its peak of 140 mph (225 km/h) on May 5, and then turned to the west-northwest. Trix turned to the north on May 9 and to the east-northeast on May 10, weakening to a Category 2 typhoon on May 11. Trix continued to move northeast and weakened to a Category 1 typhoon on May 13. It dissipated on May 17 just over the Date Line without affecting any land.
[edit] Super Typhoon Virginia
| Category 5 super typhoon (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
June 18 – June 28 |
| Intensity |
280 km/h (175 mph) (1-min), 900 hPa (mbar) |
Virginia formed on June 18 in the open western Pacific east of the southern Philippines. It moved west and strengthened to a typhoon on June 20 and reached its peak of 175 mph (280 km/h)and a minimum central pressure of 900 mbar on June 22. Virginia then began to move northwest and weakened to a Category 4 typhoon as it passed east of Luzon on June 23 and June 24. It turned northward on June 24, strengthened to a secondary peak of 160 mph (260 km/h), and weakened before it made landfall in Taiwan on June 25 as a Category 2 typhoon. Virginia then continued to move north and then northeast until its dissipation on June 28.
Virginia was an early season typhoon. It destroyed 1,000 buildings and killed 86 people as it sliced through Taiwan and southern Japan. The storm left $20 million dollars (1957 USD) in damage.[1]
Virginia was originally name Virgini by the JTWC,[1] which was a mistake. They have now changed its name to Virginia.
[edit] Typhoon Wendy
| Category 2 typhoon (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
July 11 – July 17 |
| Intensity |
165 km/h (105 mph) (1-min), 985 hPa (mbar) |
Wendy formed on July 10, and took a western path. It was projected to make landfall in the Philippines, which it did do on July 14 with 105 mph winds and a pressure of 985 mbar. After landfall, it weakened to a category one typhoon, but restrengthened after reaching the Pacific Ocean again. It battered Hong Kong when it struck it on July 16. Typhoon Wendy weakened over China and dissipated two days later. It killed 16 people and left millions of dollars in damage.[citation needed]
[edit] Super Typhoon Agnes
| Category 4 super typhoon (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
August 12 – August 22 |
| Intensity |
250 km/h (155 mph) (1-min), 905 hPa (mbar) |
On August 12, the seventh storm of the season formed. Agnes moved in an erratic northern direction until August 16, when it briefly turned to the northwest toward China. Agnes then began to curve towards the north, passing over one of the Ryukyu Islands with 155 mph winds and a minimum central pressure of 905 mbar. After it passed over the islands, Agnes weakened to tropical storm strength. On August 21, South Korea was struck by a 50 mph Agnes; their 1st[clarification needed] tropical cyclone of the season. It passed over the peninsula and briefly was over water before it hit Russia with 45 mph winds. Agnes became extratropical the next day over southern Russia. Its extratropical form continued for two more days until it dissipated in the center of the Sea of Okhotsk.
[edit] Tropical Storm 08W
| Tropical storm (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
August 15 – August 20 |
| Intensity |
100 km/h (65 mph) (1-min) |
08W formed on August 15, becoming the 8th of the season. It moved in a generally westward direction for a couple days until it struck Hainan on August 18 with 65 mph winds and a minimum pressure of 984 mbar. It moved south over land, retaining its strength. It soon moved north again, but suddenly turned southwest for a brief time before it returned to its original path. It weakened to a tropical depression on August 20 and struck mainland China later that day. It almost became extratropical almost at the same time. Ex-08W lingered northeast until the 24th, when the last of it was gone after ten days in existence.
[edit] Unnamed Tropical Storm
| Tropical storm (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
August 22 – August 27 |
| Intensity |
85 km/h (50 mph) (1-min), 998 hPa (mbar) |
A disturbance close to Japan's coast developed into a tropical depression on August 22, and became a tropical storm 6 hours later. It managed to achieve a minimum central pressure of 998 mbar before it struck the southeastern portion of Japan. It weakened to a tropical depression shortly before landfall though, and became extratropical the next day. But its extratropical remnants continued to move north-northeast, then northeast, and then east-northeast until it dissipated on August 27.
[edit] Typhoon Bess
| Category 3 typhoon (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
August 27 – September 9 |
| Intensity |
185 km/h (115 mph) (1-min), 950 hPa (mbar) |
Bess formed on August 26 close to the Marshall Islands. After moving westward, Bess attained Category 3 status with 115 mph winds a pressure of 950 mbar. It hit southern Japan on September 6 and later became extratropical over water on September 9. But the extratropical form of Bess continued east for one more day before it became disorganized enough to be declared dissipated.
[edit] Typhoon Carmen
| Category 3 typhoon (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
September 9 – September 16 |
| Intensity |
205 km/h (125 mph) (1-min), 960 hPa (mbar) |
Carmen formed on September 9 north-northeast of the Philippines. It slowly moved north and the west over the course of three days, until it strengthened to a tropical storm. Carmen headed south briefly before heading east-northeast, when it began to strengthen even more. Carmen reached winds of 125 mph and a pressure of 960 mbar. But shortly thereafter, the strengthening stopped, and it slowly weakened. On September 15, Carmen made landfall in southern China and dissipated the following day.
[edit] Typhoon Della
| Category 3 typhoon (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
September 12 – September 18 |
| Intensity |
205 km/h (125 mph) (1-min), 960 hPa (mbar) |
A disturbance in the Intertropical Convergence Zone developed into Tropical Storm Della on September 1. Della moved west-northwestward, strengthening to a hurricane while west of Hawaii. There, it brought heavy surf to the western islands. The hurricane continued generally westward, moving to the southwest while crossing the International Date Line. It turned westward and the northwestward. During hits long northwestward trek, Della reached its peak intensity of 140 mph and a minimum central pressure of ≤960 mbar. On September 14, Della began to travel a completely opposite direction-northeast. It continued that direction for a number of days, until it reached the Dateline as a 70 mph tropical storm. As the storm was crossing the date line, it turned sharply to the north-northeast. A few days later, Della turned east-northeast and dissipated on September 18.
[edit] Typhoon Elaine
| Category 4 typhoon (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
September 14 – September 20 |
| Intensity |
220 km/h (140 mph) (1-min), 945 hPa (mbar) |
On September 14, in the open Pacific, Elaine was formed. It moved in a generally northwestward direction while gaining strength. Its peak intensity was 140 mph and a pressure of 945 mbar. But it turned sharply to the northeast and lost strength. On its penultimate day as a tropical cyclone, it turned eastward and became extratropical the next day. Elaine's extratropical form continued one more day, and dissipated, one week since its formation, just over the Dateline.
[edit] Super Typhoon Faye
| Category 5 super typhoon (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
September 18 – September 30 |
| Intensity |
260 km/h (160 mph) (1-min), 930 hPa (mbar) |
Faye formed on September 18. It strengthened at a moderate pace until it reached its peak of 160 mph (260 km/h) and 930 mbar. After weakening, it struck Okinawa as a Category 2 typhoon; Faye battered the island, which was still recovering from Typhoon Emma that struck the same area a year ago. 53 people died in its wake, while 79 were listed as missing. Faye also left $11.3 million (1957 USD)[citation needed] in damage, straining the expensive budget caused by past and future typhoons that struck the island. Faye passed over the Date Line and shortly after became extratropical on the last day of the month, but continued one more day as an extratropical system before it met its demise.
[edit] Typhoon Gloria
| Category 2 typhoon (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
September 18 – September 22 |
| Intensity |
165 km/h (105 mph) (1-min), 980 hPa (mbar) |
Gloria formed on September 17. After crossing the Philippines as a category two, it brought hurricane winds to Hong Kong and strong winds to Macau.[2] After landfall, it moved east and met its demise on September 24. It had a minimum central pressure of 980 mbar and maximum winds of 105 mph.
[edit] Super Typhoon Hester
| Category 4 super typhoon (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
October 3 – October 11 |
| Intensity |
240 km/h (150 mph) (1-min), 900 hPa (mbar) |
Hester formed on October 3 east of the Philippines. It moved north and strengthened to a typhoon with 150 mph winds and a pressure of 900 mbar. It became extratropical on October 11, moved east, and dissipated on October 13, just over the dateline. Hester never struck land, but it did throw the SS Ingleton off course.[citation needed]
[edit] Typhoon Irma
| Category 1 typhoon (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
October 9 – October 13 |
| Intensity |
140 km/h (85 mph) (1-min), 996 hPa (mbar) |
Irma formed on October 9, west of the Philippines. The tropical cyclone strengthened to a category one typhoon with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph and a minimum central pressure 990 mbar. It moved west, and hit Vietnam with 80 mph winds and a minimum central pressure of 996 mbar. It dissipated on October 13, over the Thailand-Laos border.
[edit] Tropical Storm 17W
| Tropical storm (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
October 12 – October 15 |
| Intensity |
85 km/h (50 mph) (1-min), 1000 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Storm 17W formed on October 11. Later, it hit the Philippines as a tropical depression once, then again as a tropical depression, but actually strengthened to tropical storm strength while over land. It continued west-northwest until it struck China. It dissipated around the same moment it made landfall on October 15. 16W had maximum sustained winds of 50 mph and a minimum central pressure of 1000 mbar.
[edit] Super Typhoon Judy
| Category 4 super typhoon (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
October 19 – October 30 |
| Intensity |
240 km/h (150 mph) (1-min), 960 hPa (mbar) |
Judy formed on October 19, in the open Pacific. It moved westward and strengthened into a super typhoon with maximum sustained winds of 150 mph and a minimum central pressure of 960 mbar. It then began to curve north, therefore weakening. Judy passed by Japan, but far away enough to avoid damage. Soon after that, it began to move east and then east-northeast as a tropical storm. Judy dissipated on October 30, just over the Date Line.
[edit] Super Typhoon Kit
| Category 5 super typhoon (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
November 6 – November 17 |
| Intensity |
260 km/h (160 mph) (1-min), 910 hPa (mbar) |
On November 6, Kit formed in the same general area as Super Typhoon Judy did. It moved westward and slowly strengthened. But after reaching tropical storm-strength, Kit's intensification rapidly quickened. It briefly became a category five super typhoon with maximum sustained winds of 160 mph and a minimum central pressure of 910 mbar. After weakening slightly, Kit struck the northern Philippines as a Category 4 on November 11. After exiting land, Kit restrengthened into a Category 1. It became extratropical on November 17 and dissipated shortly thereafter.
[edit] Super Typhoon Lola
| Category 5 super typhoon (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
November 7 – November 22 |
| Intensity |
295 km/h (185 mph) (1-min), 900 hPa (mbar) |
Lola formed on November 7 in the open Pacific. It moved west for a while before it shifted to a more northern position. It was shortly after that Lola had maximum sustained winds of 185 mph and a minimum central pressure of 900 mbar. Then Lola weakened and slowly curved east. It weakened to a tropical storm, then back to category one. But Lola was too far north to retain the strength and weakened even more. Lola dissipated on November 22, well over the Dateline. At some point, Lola hit Guam[3] and caused areas in Merizo to flood four to five feet.[4] In addition, damage was recorded in the Bikini Atoll after Lola passed near Kili Island. Crops were destroyed and the island's supply ship was sunk.[5]
[edit] Typhoon Mamie
| Category 3 typhoon (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
November 17 – November 24 |
| Intensity |
205 km/h (125 mph) (1-min), 960 hPa (mbar) |
On November 17, Tropical Storm Mamie developed over the open Pacific Ocean, in a way similar to Typhoon Lola's formation, but moved northwest instead. As soon as Mamie began to curved north, it attained its maximum sustained winds of 125 mph and minimum central pressure of 960 mbar. But then it moved east-northeast and rapidly weakened. Mamie moved north and became extratropical on November 24, and dissipated on November 25.
[edit] Season statistics
[edit] Meteorological statistics
This table includes the maxima of storms that formed west of the international dateline.
The color on the background of the storm's entry gives its strength at peak intensity, on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.
| 1957 Season Meteorological Statistics |
| Name |
Formation date |
Dissipation Date |
Maximum winds
(mph) |
Minimum pressure
(mbar) |
| 01W |
January 3 |
January 7 |
45 mph |
995 mbar |
| Rose |
January 21 |
January 30 |
155 mph |
952 mbar |
| Shirley |
April 11 |
April 18 |
115 mph |
975 mbar |
| Trix |
May 2 |
May 17 |
140 mph |
950 mbar |
| Virginia |
June 18 |
June 28 |
175 mph |
900 mbar |
| Wendy |
July 10 |
July 18 |
105 mph |
985 mbar |
| Agnes |
August 12 |
August 24 (extratropical after August 22) |
155 mph |
905 mbar |
| 08W |
August 13 |
August 24 (extratropical after August 20) |
65 mph |
984 mbar |
| unnamed |
August 22 |
August 27 (extratropical after August 24) |
unknown |
998 mbar |
| Bess |
August 26 |
September 10 (extratropical after September 9) |
115 mph |
950 mbar |
| Della |
September 1 |
September 18 |
140 mph |
≤960 mbar |
| Carmen |
September 7 |
September 16 |
125 mph |
960 mbar |
| Elaine |
September 14 |
September 21 (extratropical after September 20) |
140 mph |
945 mbar |
| Faye |
September 17 |
October 1 (extratropical after September 30) |
160 mph |
930 mbar |
| Gloria |
September 17 |
September 24 |
105 mph |
980 mbar |
| Hester |
October 3 |
October 13 (extratropical after October 11) |
150 mph |
900 mbar |
| Irma |
October 9 |
October 13 |
85 mph |
990 mbar |
| 16W |
October 11 |
October 15 |
50 mph |
1000 mbar |
| Judy |
October 19 |
October 30 |
150 mph |
960 mbar |
| Kit |
November 4 |
November 18 (extratropical after November 17) |
160 mph |
910 mbar |
| Lola |
November 7 |
November 22 |
185 mph |
900 mbar |
| Mamie |
November 17 |
November 25 (extratropical after November 24) |
125 mph |
960 mbar |
[edit] Impact
| Death toll (summary) |
| Name |
Date of strike |
Location |
Deaths |
| 01W |
January 6 |
Near Leyte, the Philippines |
NA |
| Virginia |
June 25 |
Near Pl-Lam, Taiwan |
86 |
| June 27 |
Near Nagasaki, Japan |
| Wendy |
July 14 |
Near Isabela, Philippines |
16 |
| July 16 |
Near Hong Kong, United Kingdom (now China) |
| Agnes |
August 21 |
Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea |
NA |
| August 21 |
Primorsky Krai, Russia |
| 08W |
August 18 |
Hainan, China |
NA |
| August 20 |
Guangdong, China |
| unnamed |
August 23 |
Kochi, Japan |
NA |
| Bess |
September 6 |
Kagoshima, Japan |
NA |
| September 7 |
Ehime, Japan |
| September 7 |
Akita, Japan |
| Carmen |
September 15 |
Fujian, China |
NA |
| Faye |
|
|
79 |
| Gloria |
September 20 |
Isabela, Philippines |
NA |
| September 22 |
Macau, Portugal (now China) |
| Irma |
September 12 |
Nam Trung Bo, Vietnam |
NA |
| 16W |
September 12 |
Camarines Sur, Philippines |
NA |
| September 13 |
Quezon, Philippines |
| September 15 |
Guangdong, China |
| Kit |
September 11 |
Aurora, Philippines |
NA |
This table summarizes the death toll for selected cyclones. This table is restricted to storms that threatened land only. The color behind the date and location of landfall indicates its strength at that landfall or near miss.
[edit] 1957 storm names
The names use are the same as when they were last used, except for Virginia and Wendy, which replaced Vae and Wilma.
- Agnes 07W
- Bess 09W
- Carmen 10W
- Della
- Elaine 11W
- Faye 13W
- Gloria 13W
- Hester 14W
- Irma 15W
- Judy 17W
- Kit 18W
- Lola 19W
- Mamie 20W
- Nina
-
Ophelia
-
Phyllis
-
Rita
-
Susan
-
Tess
-
Viola
-
Winnie
|
-
Alice
-
Betty
-
Cora
-
Doris
-
Elsie
-
Flossie
-
Grace
-
Helen
-
Ida
-
June
-
Kathy
-
Lorna
-
Marie
-
Nancy
-
Olga
-
Pamela
-
Ruby
-
Sally
-
Tilda
-
Violet
-
Wilda
|
-
Anita
-
Billie
-
Clara
-
Dot
-
Ellen
-
Fran
-
Georgia
-
Hope
-
Iris
-
Joan
-
Kate
-
Louise
-
Marge
-
Nora
-
Opal
-
Patsy
-
Ruth
-
Sarah
-
Thelma
-
Vera
-
Wanda
|
-
Amy
-
Babs
-
Charlotte
-
Dinah
-
Emma
-
Freda
-
Gilda
-
Harriet
-
Ivy
-
Jean
-
Karen
-
Lucille
-
Mary
-
Nadine
-
Olive
-
Polly
- Rose 02W
- Shirley 03W
- Trix 04W
- Virginia 05W
- Wendy 06W
|
One eastern Pacific storm, Hurricane Della, crossed into this basin. It became Typhoon Della, keeping its original name (even though its name was from the West Pacific list) and "C" suffix. In addition, Hurricane Nina formed in the Central Pacific, and remained in the basin. It received a name on the West Pacific list; but doesn't count as part of the 1957 Pacific typhoon season.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
[edit] Resources
