Hildegart Rodríguez Carballeira
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Hildegart Rodríguez Carballeira (Madrid, December 9, 1914, † June 9, 1933 in Madrid) was an activist for the socialism and sexual revolution, born and raised by her mother as a model for the woman of the future. She spoke 6 languages when eight years old, finished Law School at 17 and was a leader of the Socialist Party and afterwards of the Federal Party. By the time she became internationally known, her mother shot her to death.
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[edit] Childhood
Hildegart was conceived in Ferrol by Aurora Rodríguez Carballeira and an undisclosed biological father chosen by her mother with eugenesical intentions. When she was sure she was pregnant, she moved to Madrid, where Hildegart was born. Aurora set a clock to wake her up every hour so that she changed position and blood irrigated the foetus uniformly.
Her birth certificate and baptism act says: Hildegart Leocadia Georgina Hermenegilda Maria del Pilar Rodriguez Carballeira, but she only used her first name. In spite of Aurora's atheism and opposition to birth registration, she baptised (late) the girl on 23 March and registered on 29 April. Her mother used to explain that Hildegart meant "Garden of Wisdom" in German, but there's no basis to that, the name was either an invention or the misspelled German name Hildegard (Heroic virgin, who gives shelter in war).
According to later research by Rosa Cal, her father was a brilliant military chaplain, Alberto Payás.
In June of 1928, at age 13 1/2, Hildegart enrolled in the School of Law of the Complutense University of Madrid. She would later give lessons at its School of Philosophy during the Second Spanish Republic.
[edit] The Sex Revolution
Hildegart was one of the most active people in the Spanish movement for sex reformation. She was connected to the European vanguard, corresponding with Havelock Ellis, whom she translated, and Margaret Sanger. In the foundation of the Spanish League for the Sexual Reform, presided by Dr Gregorio Marañón, she was chosen secretary without opposition. She had correspondence with many other European personalities, accompanying Herbert George Wells in his visit to Madrid, but rejecting his offer to go to London as his secretary. This offer by Wells, who wanted her to develop fully out of the influence of her mother, furthered the persecution ideas of Aurora.
[edit] Death
There were several hypotheses about the cause of the murder. Hildegart may have fallen in love. She intended to separate from her mother who, out of paranoia, threatened suicide. Aurora's explanation was that "the sculptor, after discovering a minimal imperfection in his work, destroys it". She shot three shots in the head and one in the heart.
[edit] After death
Rightists considered Aurora a murderer, while leftists considered her a mad woman. She was sentenced to 26 years, but was later transferred to a mental institution in Ciempozuelos, Madrid, where she died.
[edit] Works
- La rebeldía sexual de la juventud. Madrid: Javier Morata 1931.
- Republished with a prologue by Eduardo de Guzmán. Editorial Anagrama, Barcelona, 1977. 262 pages. ISBN 84-339-1302-6
- Profilaxis Anticoncepcional, Valencia 1931
- Malthusimo y neomalthusismo, Madrid 1932
- ¿Se equivocó Marx?, Madrid, Edición Novela Proletaria, 1932
- ¿Quo vadis, burguesía?, Madrid, Edición Novela Proletaria, 1932
- El problema sexual tratado por una mujer española. Madrid, Ediciones Morata, 1977 258 PP. ISBN 84-7112-057-7
- Métodos para evitar el embarazo. (Maternidad voluntaria). Zaragoza, Guara, 1978 128 p. ISBN 84-85303-04-0
[edit] Bibliography
- A mi no me doblega nadie: Aurora Rodríguez, su vida y su obra (Hildegart) - Rosa Cal Martínez. Sada : Edicións do Castro, D.L. 1991 ISBN 84-7492-542-8
- Hildegart, la virgen roja. Joan Llarch, Barcelona, Producciones editoriales, 1979. 155 p.
- El manuscrito encontrado en Ciempozuelos Guillermo Rendueles Endymion, 1989 ISBN 84-7731-023-8 Study on her mother's medical report on the asylum.
- De Pepito Arriola a Hildegart Francisco Martinez López y Ventura Ferrero Delso, sociedad de Cultura Valle-Inclán, Ferrol ISBN 84 95289 77 6
[edit] Works inspired in her life
[edit] Novel
- Aurora de sangre (Vida y muerte de Hildegart) Eduardo De Guzmán 1972 Editorial Mundo Actual.
- Aurora de sangre o la virgen roja. Rafael Azcona. Jet Films 1977. Script for Fernán Gómez's film, based on De Guzmán's novel.
- Auroras Anlaß, Erich Hackl, Zürich 1987 (described in the German Wikipedia article Auroras Anlaß).
- La virgen roja, Fernando Arrabal, Barcelona, Seix Barral, 1987.
[edit] Film
[edit] References
- Sanger and the Red Virgin Margaret Sanger Papers Newsletter, Spring 2002. http://www.nyu.edu/projects/sanger/secure/newsletter/articles/sanger_and_red_virgin.php
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