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List of Serbian monarchs

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Coat of arms of Serbia

This is a list of Serbian monarchs.[1]

Contents

[edit] Monarchs of medieval Serbian states

In the Middle Ages, the domain of the Serbs included five territories, roughly sorted by importance:

Different dynasties sometimes arose from different regions, and this list concentrates on those rulers whose families at some point controlled Raška as well as other aforementioned duchies.

[edit] Earliest rulers

At this point, the Unknown Archont's descendance is continued with:

  • Višeslav I, ruled 780, unified the Serbian territories
  • Radoslav (son of Višeslav), unknown
  • Prince Prosigoj (son of Radoslav), ruled 822 - 836

[edit] House of Vlastimirović

Seal of Prince Strojimir

The House of Vlastimirović controlled the Serbs between ca. 825-850 up to ca. 950.

  • Prince Vlastimir (son of Prosigoj) ruled around 850, or only up to 825 according to some; founder of House of Vlastimirović. Vlastimir had three sons and one daughter. His daughter married knez Krajina, son of Beloje, župan of Travunija. Each son had his own domain, but Mutimir, the eldest, was the supreme ruler, his two brothers being subjugated (vassals) to him. The brothers successfully fought off a Bulgarian onslaught by Boris of Bulgaria in 852. Later, the two youngest brothers rebelled against Mutimir, who, as a punishment, let Boris subjugate them.
  • Prince Mutimir ruled from the second half of the 9th century to his death in 891 or 892
  • Strojimir (vassal to elder brother Mutimir, later under Bulgar khan Boris)
  • Gojnik (vassal to brother Mutimir, later under khan Boris)
  • Prince Pribislav (son of Mutimir), born latest 867, ruled ca. 891 - 893
  • Bran (Boren) (younger brother of Pribislav, son of Mutimir), born by 867, pretender to the throne ca. 895
  • Stefan (youngest brother of Pribislav and Bran, son of Mutimir), born ca. 870
  • Prince Petar Gojniković (son of Gojnik, grandson of Vlastimir), born ca. 870, ruled ca. 892 - 918, captured by Bulgarians, died as their prisoner
  • Prince Pavle Branović (son of Bran, grandson of Mutimir), ruled ca. 917 - 921, brought to the throne by the Bulgars, brought down by Byzantines
  • Prince Zaharije Pribisavljević (son of Pribislav, grandson of Mutimir), ruled 921 - 924 (brought to the throne by the Byzantines, removed by the Bulgarians)
924 - 927 Serb throne held by Bulgarians, period of Bulgarian rule (Simeon I of Bulgaria)

[edit] House of Višević/Višeslavić

The House of Višeslavić ruled over Serbs in Zahumlje from the 10th century until the end of the 12th century.

[edit] House of Vojislavljević

The House of Vojislavljević ruled Duklja between the 1050s up to the 1120s.

Đorđe was overturned by Uroš I of Raška, and later returned to power in Duklja between 1125 and 1131, but the main line of the Vojislavljević ended with him.

[edit] Vojislavljevićs / Uroševićs / Vukanovićs

Between 1050 and 1165, the main Serbian state of Raška was ruled by descendants of the aforementioned House of Vojislavljević, but the Byzantine Empire often controlled it as well. In 1118, the main line of the Vojislavljević dynasty was mostly extinguished in Duklja, and Uroš of Raška took control of both Raška and Duklja, which is why he named the Urošević.

  • Petrislav, instated by his father Mihajlo, ruled between 1050s and 1074
  • Vukan and Marko, probably sons of Petrislav, instated by Konstantin Bodin. Vukan was the Grand Župan between 1083 and 1115 while Marko headed administration of a part of the land. Under Byzantine sovereignty after 1094.
  • Uroš I, ruled Raška ca. 1115 - 1131
  • Uroš II, replaced him around 1140 and ruled until 1155
  • Desa, replaced him and ruled for one year, 1155.
  • Uroš II replaced Desa for a second reign from 1155 - 1161.
  • Desa, under his second reign, ruled 1162 - 1166 under Byzantine sovereignty, raised an unsuccessful revolt

After Desa's revolt, in 1165 the Byzantium divided the Serb lands between the four sons of Zavida: Tihomir in Raška, Stracimir in Duklja, Miroslav in Zahumlje and Travunia, and Stefan Nemanja in Toplica (in today's central Serbia). Stefan Nemanja rebelled against his eldest brother Tihomir in 1166, who fled with his brothers Stracimir and Miroslav to Byzantium to seek help. But later on, Stefan Nemanja defeated his Greek army of mercenaries in the same year near the town of Pantino on Kosovo in which poor Tihomir drowned in the River of Sitnica. Nemanja captured his other brothers and made peace with them by giving them rule in their former parts of the land in order to recognise him as the only ruler of Rashka or Serbia. The Nemanjić dynasty was named after Stefan Nemanja and ruled over Serbia until 1371.

[edit] House of Nemanjić / The Stefan Dynasty

Coat of Arms of Nemanjićs

The House of Nemanjić ruled the Serb lands between ca. 1166 up to 1371. All Serbian rulers after Stefan Prvovenčani ("the First-Crowned") added the name Stefan (Stephen) before their birth names after ascending the throne as a manner of honoring first rulers of their dynasty Stefan Nemanja and Stefan Prvovenčani. The name Stefan is derived from Greek Stephanos, meaning crowned with wreath. There is no absolutely consistent system for the enumeration of Medieval Serbian monarchs. Some rulers reigned with double names: Stefan Nemanja, Stefan Radoslav, Stefan Vladislav, and Stefan Uroš. While Prvovenčani and Dečanski are epithets, not names, the exact nature of Dragutin and Milutin—names or nicknames—is unclear. However, unlike the names Nemanja, Radoslav, Vladislav, Uroš, and even Dušan, they never appear in the official contemporary sources. Therefore Prvovenčani and Dragutin are most accurately to be numbered simply Stefan I and Stefan II, since those were their only official names. For the basic imperial title of the last Nemanjićs, see article Tsar.

Emperor Stefan Dušan

[edit] Nemanjićs in Thessaly

Simeon (Siniša) Uroš, a son of Stefan Uroš III Dečanski by his second (Byzantine) wife, claimed the imperial title in 1355, but was defeated in Serbia. He retreated into Thessaly, from where he dominated much of northern Greece in alliance with various other Serbian noblemen. He and his son reigned as emperor of Serbians and Greeks. After the abdication of Jovan Uroš in 1373, Thessaly passed into the hands of the Angeloi, who recognized Byzantine suzerainty.

[edit] House of Balšić

Balšić Coat of Arms

The House of Balšić, "Barons of Coastal Serbia", was a medieval Serbian dynasty that ruled Zeta. It lasted from 1356 until 1435, when it was succeeded by the House of Crnojević.

There were 5 rulers of the dynasty:

[edit] House of Mrnjavčević

Coat of Arms of House of Mrnjavčević

The last Serbian emperor (tsar) Stefan Uroš V associated Vukašin Mrnjavčević as king in 1366. The Serbian royal title thus survived in this family, but in fact the authority of these kings was circumscribed by the local nobility and confined to parts of central and eastern Macedonia. The Serbian royal title was also claimed by Tvrtko I of Bosnia, a descendant of Stefan Dragutin, from 1377. Tvrtko I used the titles King of Serbs, of Bosnia, and of the Coastlands from 1377 and King of Rascia, Bosnia, Dalmatia, Croatia, and the Coastlands from 1390, but died in 1391.

[edit] House of Lazarević

Serbia proper came under the control of Lazar Hrebeljanović, who had married Milica, a descendant of Stefan Nemanja's eldest son Vukan. The Lazarevići and their successors, the Brankovići, ruled as princes, but were frequently distinguished by the Byzantine court title of despotēs, granted by the last Byzantine Emperors to their allies.

[edit] House of Branković

Coat of Arms of House of Branković

Serbia proper was annexed by the Ottoman Empire in 1459. In 1471 a dependent Serbian state was established by the Hungarians mostly on the territory of Vojvodina and Syrmia.

  • Vuk Branković (1471 - 1485), grandson of Đurađ I
  • Đurađ II Branković also Đorđe Branković (1486 - 1496), son of Stefan Branković, abdicated
  • Jovan Branković (1496 - 1502), son of Stefan Branković

[edit] House of Crnojević

Coat of Arms of Crnojevićs

The House of Crnojević was a dynasty ruling in the Medieval Serbian state of Zeta, first struggling with House of Balšić for control over Zeta, and then succeeding them as Zeta's supreme overlords throughout the 14th and 15th century. Since the second half of the 15th century, they would play a crucial role in the survival of late Medieval Zeta. All members of the House of Crnojević considered themselves Lords Zetan.

[edit] House of Berislavić

[edit] Jovan Nenad

[edit] Monarchs of modern Serbian states (1804-1918)

[edit] First Serbian Uprising (1804-1813)

[edit] Karađorđević Dynasty

Picture Name Born-Died Reign start Reign end
Karađorđe Petrović 1762 - 1817 15 February 1804 21 September 1813 (deposed)

[edit] Principality of Serbia (1815-1882)

[edit] Obrenović Dynasty

Picture Name Born-Died Reign start Reign end
Miloš Obrenović I (first reign) 1780 - 1860 21 November 1815 13 June 1839 (abdicated)
Milan Obrenović II 1819 - 1839 13 June 1839 8 July 1839
Mihailo Obrenović III (first reign) 1823 - 1868 8 July 1839 14 September 1842 (deposed)

[edit] Karađorđević Dynasty

Picture Name Born-Died Reign start Reign end
Aleksandar Karađorđević 1806 - 1885 14 September 1842 23 December 1858 (deposed)

[edit] Obrenović Dynasty

Picture Name Born-Died Reign start Reign end
Miloš Obrenović I (second reign) 1780 - 1860 24 December 1858 26 September 1860
Mihailo Obrenović III (second reign) 1823 - 1868 26 September 1860 10 June 1868 (assassinated)
Milan Obrenović IV 1854 - 1901 10 June 1868 6 March 1882 (proclaimed King of Serbia)

[edit] Kingdom of Serbia (1882-1918)

[edit] Obrenović Dynasty

Picture Name Born-Died Reign start Reign end
Milan I 1854 - 1901 6 March 1882 6 March 1889 (abdicated)
Aleksandar I 1876 - 1903 6 March 1889 11 June 1903 (assassinated in coup d'état)

[edit] Karađorđević Dynasty

Picture Name Born-Died Reign start Reign end
Petar I 1844 - 1921 15 June 1903 (Crowned on 15 February 1904) 1 December 1918 (proclaimed King of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes)

For the continuation of this list, go to List of heads of state of Yugoslavia.

[edit] Notes

In 1918, Serbia became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Later that state changed name in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (i.e. Kingdom of South Slavs). In that period (between World War I and World War II) the country was a parliamentary monarchy nominally ruled by the Karađorđević dynasty.

After World War II and the civil war Yugoslavia became a communist state, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, ruled by Josip Broz Tito. After his death in 1980, the federation started a process of dissolution which finished in a series of civil wars in the early 1990s. Through the 1990s, Serbia and Montenegro comprised the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which was restructured in 2003 into a confederation called Serbia and Montenegro. The state union ended with Montenegro's separation in 2006. Currently Serbia is a parliamentary republic.

The present Head of the House of Karađorđević, who is heir to the Serbian throne, is HRH Crown Prince Aleksandar II of Serbia.

[edit] See also

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Entries bounded within parentheses are for reference only; for instance, the Roman numerals keep counts of Stefans and Lazars. They are not part of the common nomenclature.

[edit] Sources

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Serbian_monarchs"
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