Mount Sinai Hospital, New York

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This page is about a hospital in New York. For other uses, please see disambiguation pages for Mount Sinai or Mount Sinai Hospital. For the school in New York City, please see Mount Sinai School of Medicine.

Mount Sinai Hospital

Mount Sinai from Central Park
Geography
Location	One Gustave L. Levy Place, 1190 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York, United States
Organization
Hospital type	University, Teaching
Affiliated university	Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Services
Beds	1,171
History
Founded	1852
Links
Website	home page
Lists	Hospitals in the United States

Mount Sinai Hospital, founded in 1852, is one of the oldest and largest teaching hospitals in the United States. In 2008 it was ranked as one of the best hospitals in the U.S. by U.S. News & World Report in ten specialties.^[1]

Located on the eastern border of Central Park, at 100th Street and Fifth Avenue, in New York City's Manhattan, Mount Sinai has a number of hospital affiliates in the New York metropolitan area, and an additional campus, the Mount Sinai Hospital of Queens.

The hospital is also affiliated with one of the foremost centers of medical education and biomedical research, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, which opened in September 1968.^[2] Together, the two comprise the Mount Sinai Medical Center.

Contents 1 Awards and recognition 2 Areas of concentration 3 History 3.1 "Firsts" at Mount Sinai Hospital 3.2 Significant events 4 Overview 5 Noteworthy individuals 5.1 Famous patients 5.2 Famous benefactors 5.3 Famous staff 6 Further reading 7 References 8 External links

[edit] Awards and recognition

• The U.S. News & World Report's "Best Hospitals 2008" issue ranked Mount Sinai Hospital #3 in the country for Geriatric care and #7 in the country for Digestive Disorders. Other honors from that issue included high rankings for Rehabilitation, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Gynecology, Orthopedics, Psychiatry, Respiratory Disorders, Cancer and Ear, Nose & Throat.^[3]

• Two hundred and forty-three Mount Sinai doctors were included in New York Magazine's "Best Doctors" issue from 2007.^[4]

• The American Society for Bariatric Surgery named Mount Sinai a "Surgery Center of Excellence."^[5]

• The 2004 Magnet Award for Nursing Excellence was awarded to Mount Sinai – the only full-service hospital in Manhattan to have received such recognition.^[6]

• In 2002, the New York State Department of Health named Mount Sinai Hospital the safest place for a patient receiving angioplasty.^[7]

• In 2006 Mount Sinai and its advertising agency, DeVito/Verdi's campaign took home the highest honors at the 23rd Annual Healthcare Advertising Awards on Tuesday night. The campaign was awarded top prize in the Large Hospitals Group for three different categories: Magazine, Billboard and Radio. ^[8]

[edit] Areas of concentration

Specialty	Condition
Heart	Cardiomyopathy, Congestive heart failure, Mitral regurgitation, Angina, Arrhythmias, Aortic aneurysm, Mitral valve prolapse, Heart Attack, Atrial fibrillation, Septal defects
Brain	Epilepsy, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Stroke, Parkinson’s disease, Cerebral palsy, Arteriovenous malformations, Alzheimer’s disease, Multiple sclerosis, Brain cancer
Organ Transplants	Renal failure, Liver cirrhosis, Cystic fibrosis, Short gut syndrome, Congestive heart failure, Primary pulmonary hypertension, Laryngeal cancer,
Cancer	Melanoma, Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Wilms tumor, Glioma, Colorectal cancer, Gastric cancer,Hepatoma, Esophageal cancer, Pheochromocytoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, Ovarian cancer
Gastrointestinal Conditions	Gastric ulcer, Irritable bowel syndrome, Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, Food allergy, Spastic colon, Gallstones
Women	Anorexia nervosa, Breast cancer, Heart attack, Osteoporosis, Parkinson’s disease, Colorectal cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, Human papillomavirus, Iron-deficiency anemia
Children	Obesity, Congestive heart failure, Asthma, Myocarditis, Hypothyroidism, Food allergy, Juvenile diabetes, Cushing's syndrome, Sleep apnea
Bone, Joint and Spine	Tennis elbow, Anterior cruciate ligament, Torn meniscus, Carpal tunnel syndrome, Chondromalacia patella, Scoliosis, Bone fracture, Rotator cuff injury, Herniated disk, Osteoarthritis, Bunion, Spinal stenosis
Rehabilitation Medicine	Traumatic Brain Injury, Spinal cord injury, Stroke, Anoxic brain injury, Amputee, Fluroscopic guided spinal injection, Acupuncture, Joint replacement
Palliative Care	Breast cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Lung cancer, Emphysema, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Colorectal cancer, Coma, Alzheimer’s disease, Renal failure, AIDS, Liver cirrhosis, Brain Cancer
HIV/AIDS	Toxoplasmosis, Hepatitis C, Tuberculosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Kaposi’s sarcoma, Aspergillosis
Diabetes	Obesity, Cardiomyopathy, Cholecystitis, Kidney failure, Diabetic foot ulcer, Coma, Atherosclerosis, Enuresis, Gangrene

[edit] History

[edit] "Firsts" at Mount Sinai Hospital

A significant number of diseases were first described at Mount Sinai Hospital in the last 150+ years including Brill's disease, Buerger's disease, Churg-Strauss disease, collagen disease, Crohn's disease, eosinophilic granuloma of bone, Glomus Jugulare Tumor, Libman-Sacks disease, Moschcowitz disease, and Tay-Sachs disease.^[9]

Other "firsts" include:

• First textbook in Geriatrics (1914), and first Department of Geriatrics in a U.S. Medical School^[10]
• First American textbook on thoracic surgery (1925)^[11]
• First to describe concept behind TB skin testing (Schwartzman Phenonmenon)
• First liver transplant (New York State) (1988)^[12]
• First to develop concept of subcellular pathology
• First to link cigarettes and asbestos to cancer^[9]
• First in U.S. to use platinum to treat ovarian cancer.^[13]
• First to develop particular in vitro fertilization technique to assist sperm in egg cell penetration
• First to identify marker now used to identify risk for preterm birth
• First to combine radiation and chemotherapy to treat ovarian and breast cancer^[14]
• First to create a genetically-engineered vaccine (for influenza) (1969)^[15]
• First to identify the gene for Marfan Syndrome, an often fatal connective tissue disorder.
• First to chemically induce cancer cells to return to normal patterns of development
• First to pioneer the use of stapes mobilization operation to treat particular kinds of deafness^[16]
• First to establish an artificial kidney center in New York City^[17]
• First successful use of a cardiac stress test
• First to perform a blood transfusion in an unborn fetus.
• First to establish a diabetic prenatal clinic in New York City^[17]
• First to perform a jaw transplant in New York State and first jaw transplant ever to combine donor jaw with bone marrow from the patient.^[18]
• First to receive a cardiogram transmitted across the country via telephone wire. ^[19]

[edit] Significant events

Date	Event
1855	“The Jews’ Hospital” opens for patients on June 5[20].
1866	To free itself of racial or religious distinction, The Jews' Hospital changes it name to “The Mount Sinai Hospital.”
1872	First women appointed to professional positions.
1886	The Eye and Ear Service is created; Dr. Josephine Walter, the first American woman to serve a formal internship, is granted a diploma.
1908	Dr. Rueben Ottenberg is the first to perform blood transfusions with routine compatibility test and to point out that blood groups are hereditary.
1919	Dr. I.C. Rubin introduces the use of peruterine insufflation of the fallopian tubes for the diagnosis and treatment of sterility in women.
1928	Dr. Moses Swick develops a method for introducing radio-opaque media into the blood stream for visualization of the urinary tract.
1932	Crohn's Disease, a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestine, is identified by Drs. Burrill Crohn, Leon Ginzburg and Gordon D. Oppenheimer.
1938	The nation’s second blood bank is created.
1955	The Jack Martin Respirator Center admits its first polio patients.
1962	Dr. Arthur Grishman receives the first medical data, a cardiogram, transmitted successfully via the telephone lines.
1963	The New York State Board of Regents grants a charter for the establishment of a school of medicine.
1968	The Graduate School of Biological Sciences admits its first students.
1974	The Adolescent Health Center is established – the first primary care program in New York designed specifically for the needs of adolescents.
1982	The Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development is created – the first such department in an American medical school.
1989	The Center for Excellence in Youth Education is established.
1992	The Department of Human Genetics is established.

[edit] Overview

As U.S. cities grew more crowded in the mid-19th Century, philanthropist Sampson Simson (b 1780, d 1857) founded a hospital to address the needs of New York's rapidly growing Jewish immigrant community. It was the second Jewish hospital in the United States.

The Jews' Hospital, as it was then called, was built on 28th Street in Manhattan, between 7th & 8th Avenues, on land donated by Simson; it opened two years before Simson's death. Four years later, it would be unexpectedly filled to capacity with soldiers from the Civil War.^[17][21]

The Jews' Hospital felt the effects of the escalating Civil War in other ways, as staff doctors and board members were called in to service: Dr. Israel Moses served four years as Lieutenant Colonel in the 72nd;^[22] Joseph Seligman had to resign as a member of the Board of Directors as he was increasingly called upon by President Lincoln for advice on the country's growing financial crisis.^[23][24]

The Draft Riots of 1863 again strained the resources of the new hospital, as draft inequities and a shortage of qualified men increased racial tensions in New York City. As the Jews' Hospital struggled to tend to the many wounded, outside its walls over one hundred men, women and children were killed in the riots.^[25]

More and more, the Jews' hospital was finding itself an integral part of the general community. In 1866, to reflect this new-found role, it changed its name.

Now called Mount Sinai Hospital, the institution forged relationships with prescient 19th century medical scholars, including Henry N. Heineman, Frederick S. Mandelbaum, Charles A. Elsberg, Emanuel Libman, Alma de Leon Hendriks, Kate Rich, and, most significantly, Abraham Jacobi, a champion of construction at the hospital's new site on Manhattan's Upper East Side in 1904.^[26]

The early 20th century saw the population of New York City explode. That, coupled with many new discoveries at Mount Sinai (including significant advances in blood transfusions and the first portable anesthesia apparatus), meant that Mount Sinai's pool of doctors and experts was in increasing demand. From 1905 to 1911, inpatient and outpatient visits doubled.^[27] A $1.35 million expansion of the hospital (equivalent to over 30 million in 2008 based on historical consumer price indexes)^[28] raced to keep pace with demand.

With tensions in Europe escalating, a committee dedicated to finding placements for doctors fleeing Nazi Germany was founded in 1933. With the help of the National Committee for the Resettlement of Foreign Physicians, Mount Sinai Hospital became a new home for a large number of émigrés.

When war broke out, Mount Sinai was the first hospital to throw open its doors to Red Cross nurses' aides; the hospital trained thousands in its effort to reduce the nursing shortage in the States. Meanwhile, the President of the Medical Board, George Baehr, was called by President Roosevelt to serve as the nation's Chief Medical Director of the Office of Civilian Defense.^[29]

These wartime roles would be eclipsed, however, when the men and women of Mount Sinai's Third General Hospital set sail for Casablanca, eventually setting up a 1,000 bed hospital in war-torn Tunisia. Before moving to tend to the needs of soldiers in Italy and France, the unit had treated more than 5,000 wounded soldiers.^[30]

Since the relative peace following World War II, Mount Sinai has welcomed the first graduating class of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine (in 1970); the 1980s saw a $500 million hospital expansion, including the construction of the Guggenheim Pavilion, the first medical facility designed by I.M. Pei; and it has made significant contributions to gene therapy, cardiology, immunotherapy, organ transplants, cancer treatments and minimally invasive surgery.

[edit] Noteworthy individuals

[edit] Famous patients

• Liv Tyler (born there on July 1, 1977)^[31]
• Peter Maas, "Serpico" author ^[32]
• Anne Bancroft (treated for cancer) ^[33]
• Norman Mailer (treated for kidney disease)^[34]
• Gwyneth Paltrow (gave birth there; to Moses Bruce Anthony Martin)^[35]
• Al Lewis (received his third angioplasty at Mount Sinai on June 30, 2003)^[36]
• Lionel Hampton (heart attack)^[37]
• Harpo Marx (heart complications)^[38]
• José Raúl Capablanca, world chess champion (stroke)^[39]
• Gustav Mahler, infective endocarditis^[40]
• Bill Evans, jazz pianist, died there in 1980^[41]

[edit] Famous benefactors

• Martha Stewart started the Martha Stewart Center for Living at Mount Sinai Hospital. The center promotes access to medical care and offers support to caregivers needing referrals or education. ^[42]

• Henry Kravis and wife Marie-Josée Kravis donated $15 million to establish the "Center for Cardiovascular Health" as well as funding a Professorship.

• Carl Icahn made a substantial donation; a large building primarily devoted to research was renamed from the "East Building" to the "Icahn Medical Institute."

[edit] Famous staff

• Burrill Bernard Crohn, an American gastroenterologist and one of the first to describe the disease of which he is the namesake, Crohn's disease.

• Irving B. Goldman, first president of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1964.

• Michael Heidelberger, American immunologist who is regarded as the father of modern immunology.

• Jonas Salk, inventor of the polio vaccine, worked as a staff physician at Mount Sinai after medical school^[43]

[edit] Further reading

• This House of Noble Deeds: The Mount Sinai Hospital, 1852-2002 by Arthur H. Aufses, Jr. and Barbara Niss
• The Sinai Nurse: A History of Nursing at the Mount Sinai Hospital, 1852-2000 by Marjorie Gulla Lewis and Sylvia M. Barker
• The Social Work-Medicine Relationship: 100 Years at Mount Sinai by Helen Rehr

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Mount Sinai School of Medicine (MSSM)
• The Mount Sinai Hospital