Near-open front unrounded vowel
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See also: IPA, Consonants
| Front | Near- front | Central | Near- back | Back | |
| Close | |||||
| Near-close | |||||
| Close-mid | |||||
| Mid | |||||
| Open-mid | |||||
| Near-open | |||||
| Open | |||||
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right
represents a rounded vowel.
represents a rounded vowel.
| IPA – number | 325 |
| IPA – text | æ |
| Entity | æ |
| X-SAMPA | { |
| Kirshenbaum | & |
 Sound sample (help·info) |
|
The near-open front unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is æ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is {. The IPA symbol is the lowercase ae ligature, and both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as "ash".
Contents |
[edit] Features
- Its vowel height is near-open, which means the tongue is positioned similarly to an open vowel, but slightly more constricted.
- Its vowel backness is front, which means the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
- Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.
[edit] Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahtna | kuggaedi | [kʰuk̠æti] | 'mosquito' | ||
| Arabic | Standard[1] | كتاب | [kiˈt̪æːb] | 'book' | Allophone of /a/ in the environment of plain labial and coronal consonants as well as /j/. See Arabic phonology |
| Azeri | səs | [sæs] | 'sound' | ||
| Bengali | ? | [æk] | 'one' | ||
| English | cat | [kʰʲæt] | 'cat' | In New Zealand English, this is closer to [ɛ]. See English phonology | |
| Finnish | mäki | [ˈmæki] | 'hill' | See Finnish phonology | |
| German | Bernese | standard German drehen | [ˈtræːjə] | 'turn' | See Bernese German phonology |
| Norwegian | lær | [læːɾ] | 'leather' | See Norwegian phonology | |
| Persian | در | [dær] | 'door' | See Persian phonology | |
| Russian[2] | пять | [pʲætʲ] | 'five' | Allophone of /a/ between palatalized consonants. See Russian phonology | |
| Sinhala | කැමති | [kæməti] | 'to will, to like' | ||
| Slovak | deväť | [ˈɟevæc] | 'nine' | ||
| Swedish | päron | [ˈpæˌrɔn] | 'pear' | Allophone of /ɛ/ before /r/. See Swedish phonology | |
| Vietnamese | pha | [fæ] | 'phase, stage' | Variety: [fa]. See Vietnamese phonology | |
| Yaghan | mæpi | [mæpi] | 'reed' | ||
[edit] References
- ^ Holes (2004:60)
- ^ Jones & Ward (1969:50)
[edit] Bibliography
- Holes, Clive (2004), Modern Arabic: Structures, Functions, and Varieties, Georgetown University Press, ISBN 1589010221
- Jones, Daniel & Ward Dennis (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press
