Oceanic languages

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Oceanic
Geographic distribution:	Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia
Genetic classification:	Austronesian  Paiwanic   Malayo-Polynesian (MP)    Nuclear MP     Central-Eastern MP ?      Oceanic
Subdivisions:	Western Oceanic Admiralty Islands Meso-Melanesian ? Temotu Southern Oceanic Central Pacific Micronesian
The branches of Oceanic      Admiralties and Yapese      St Matthias      Western Oceanic & Meso-Melanesian      Temotu      Southeast Solomons      Southern Oceanic      Micronesian      Fijian-Polynesian The black ovals at the northwestern limit of Micronesian are the Sunda-Sulawesi languages Palauan and Chamorro. The black circles in with the green are offshore Papuan languages.

The Oceanic languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, containing approximately 450 languages. The area occupied by speakers of these languages includes Polynesia as well as much of Melanesia and Micronesia.

Covering a vast area, Oceanic languages are spoken by over two million people. The largest individual Oceanic languages are Samoan, with over 800,000 speakers, and Eastern Fijian with over 500,000 speakers. Kiribati (Gilbertese), Tongan, Tahitian, Maori, Western Fijian and Kuanua (Tolai) each have over 100,000 speakers.

The common ancestor which is reconstructed for this group of languages is called Proto-Oceanic (abbr. POc). The Oceanic languages were first shown to be a language family by Sidney Herbert Ray in 1896.

[edit] Classification

A 2008 analysis of the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database^[1] fully supported the unity of Oceanic. However, some of the traditional divisions of that family were not supported. There was no support for grouping the Meso-Melanesian languages with the rest of the Western Oceanic languages, while there was moderate support for grouping it with the erstwhile Central Eastern Oceanic branch.

• Western Oceanic (reduced; languages of the north coast of New Guinea, perhaps from as far west as Jayapura, to the eastern tip of New Guinea and western New Britain)
• Admiralties
• Meso-Melanesian (languages of the Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands; only moderately supported as a unit)
• Temotu
• Southern Oceanic (languages of New Caledonia and Vanuatu)
• Central Pacific (Polynesian and the languages of Fiji)
• Micronesian

All branches were fully supported by the 2008 analysis except for Meso-Melanesian, which at 82% confidence was only moderately supported as a unit. In addition, there was moderate support for subgrouping the branches of Oceanic:

Oceanic  (100%)	(67%)  Admiralties  (83%)  Temotu Southern Oceanic  Meso-Melanesian  (82%) Southeast Solomonic Bali-Vitu Meso-Melanesian proper (84% confidence as a unit) (70%) Micronesian Fijian-Polynesian (Central Pacific) Western Oceanic (partial)

[edit] References