Orders of magnitude (pressure)
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This is a tabulated listing of the orders of magnitude in relation to pressure expressed in pascals.
| Magnitude | Pressure | lbf/in2 | Item |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10−15 Pa | 1 fPa | Interstellar space pressure (approximate) | |
| 10−11 Pa | 13.3 pPa | Lowest obtainable pressure in laboratory conditions (as of January 2009).[1] | |
| 10−9 Pa | 1 nPa | Atmospheric pressure on the Moon (approximate)[citation needed] | |
| 1 nPa | vacuum expected in the beam pipe of the Large Hadron Collider's Atlas experiment[2] | ||
| 10−6 Pa | 1 µPa | Pressure inside a vacuum tube (approximate, varies). Reference pressure for sound in water. | |
| 10 µPa | Radiation pressure of sunlight on a perfectly reflecting surface at the distance of the Earth.[3] | ||
| 20 µPa | Threshold of human hearing - the smallest RMS pressure fluctuation that the human ear can hear in a noiseless environment, at frequencies between 1 kHz and 5 kHz.
Reference pressure for sound in air. |
||
| 100 µPa | Near earth outer space pressure (approximate) | ||
| 10−3 Pa | 0.5 Pa | Atmospheric pressure on Pluto (1988 figure; very roughly) | |
| 1 Pa | 1 Pa | Pressure exerted by a UK five pound note resting on a surface [4] | |
| 10 Pa | Pressure increase per millimeter of a water column at Earth mean sea level. | ||
| 10 Pa | Pressure inside an incandescent light bulb (approximate) | ||
| 100 Pa | Threshold of pain. Sounds above this amplitude are unbearable and can cause ear pain. Prolonged exposure may lead to hearing loss. | ||
| 103 Pa | 1 kPa | 0.145 psi | Atmospheric pressure on Mars, 1 % of atmospheric sea-level pressure on Earth |
| 10 kPa | 1.45 psi | Pressure increase per meter of a water column1, or the drop in air pressure when going from earth sea level to 1000 m elevation | |
| 101.325 kPa | 14.696 psi | Standard atmospheric pressure for earth sea level | |
| 180 to 250 kPa | 26 to 36 psi | Air pressure in an automobile tire relative to atmosphere (gauge pressure) | |
| 407 to 607 kPa | 59 to 88 psi | Air pressure in a champagne bottle[5]. | |
| 600 to 800 kPa | Air pressure in a bicycle tire relative to atmosphere (gauge pressure) | ||
| 690 to 828 kPa | 100 to 120 psi | Air pressure in a heavy truck/bus tire relative to atmosphere (gauge pressure) | |
| 106 Pa | 0.8 to 2 MPa | 120 to 290 psi | Pressure used in boilers of steam locomotives |
| 9 MPa | 1305 psi | Atmospheric pressure on Venus (90 bar) | |
| 10 MPa | 1450 psi | Pressure washers force out water at this pressure | |
| 12 MPa | 1740 psi | Pressure exerted by a 60 kg woman wearing stilettos | |
| 20 MPa | 2900 psi | Pressure of a typical aluminium scuba tank or pressurized gas cylinders. (200 bar) | |
| 100 MPa | 14500 psi | Pressure at bottom of Mariana Trench, about 10 km below ocean surface (1000 bar) | |
| 400 MPa | Chamber pressure of .50 BMG weapon discharge | ||
| 600 MPa | Water pressure used in a water jet cutter. | ||
| 109 Pa | 9 GPa | Pressure at which octaoxygen forms [6] (90000 bar) | |
| 18 GPa | Pressure needed for the first commercially successful synthesis of diamond | ||
| 96 GPa | Pressure at which metallic oxygen forms[7] (960000 bar) | ||
| 100 GPa | Theoretical tensile strength of a carbon nanotube (CNT) | ||
| 380 GPa | Pressure inside the core of the Earth (3.8 million bar) | ||
| 1012 Pa | 530 TPa | Pressure inside an Ivy Mike-like nuclear bomb detonation (5.3 billion bar) | |
| 1015 Pa | 6.4 PPa | Pressure inside a W80 nuclear warhead detonation (64 billion bar) | |
| 25 PPa | Pressure inside the core of the Sun.[8] (250 billion bar) | ||
| 10111 Pa | 4.63 × 10113 Pa | The Planck pressure (4.63x10108 Bar) |
[edit] Citations
- ^ Ishimaru, H. (1989). "Ultimate Pressure of the Order of 10-13 Torr in an Aluminum Alloy Vacuum Chamber". Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology 7 (3): 2439–2442.
- ^ CERN. Bringing the vacuum to its lowest value. 2008-07-28. Retrieved 2008-09-14
- ^ G. Vulpetti, L. Johnson, G. L. Matloff, Solar Sails: A Novel Approach to Interplanetary Flight, Springer, August 2008
- ^ "Microbe experiment suggests we could all be Martians", The Guardian 2007-01-13, accessed 2008-03-23
- ^ The Physics Factbook
- ^ Fujihisa et al. (2006)
- ^ azonano.com 2008
- ^ Williams, David R. (September 1, 2004). "Sun Fact Sheet". NASA. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/sunfact.html. Retrieved on 2008-01-23.
[edit] References
- azonano.com (2008), Solid Oxygen ε-Phase Crystal Structure Determined Along With The Discovery of a Red Oxygen O8 Cluster, http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleID=1797, retrieved on 2008-01-10
- Fujihisa, Hiroshi; Akahama, Yuichi; Kawamura, Haruki; Ohishi, Yasuo (2006-08-26), "O8 Cluster Structure of the Epsilon Phase of Solid Oxygen", Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, doi:, http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v97/e085503
