Wikipedia:Template messages/Sources of articles

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For general information on source citation in Wikipedia, see WP:CITE.

Shortcut: WP:CTT

[edit] Is the article actually worthy of inclusion?

Before placing templates on a page it is worthwhile to cast a critical eye over the page to determine whether it should in fact be included in Wikipedia. Some articles can be tagged for speedy deletion or marked as an article for deletion.

[edit] Requesting sources

What to type

What it makes

{{unreferenced}}
links talk edit

{{unreferencedsection}}
links talk edit

{{citecheck}}
links talk edit

{{self-published}}
links talk edit

{{onesource}}
links talk edit

{{refimprove}}
links talk edit

{{refimprovesect}}
links talk edit

{{citations missing}}
links talk edit

{{nofootnotes}}
links talk edit

{{morefootnotes}}
links talk edit

{{pagenumbers}}
links talk edit

[edit] Inline

What to type	What it makes
{{fact}} links talk edit	^{[citation needed]}
{{Timefact}} links talk edit	^{[chronology source needed]}
{{dubious}} links talk edit	^{[dubious – discuss]}
{{or}} links talk edit	^{[original research?]}
{{request quote}} links talk edit	^{[Need quotation on talk to verify]}
{{failed verification}} links talk edit	^{[not in citation given]}
{{page number}} links talk edit	^{[page needed]}
{{verify credibility}} links talk edit	^{[unreliable source?]}
{{verify source}} links talk edit	^{[verification needed]}
{{update after}} links talk edit	^{[dated info]}
{{what}} links talk edit	^{[clarification needed]}
{{who}} links talk edit	^[who?]
{{which}} links talk edit	^[which?]
{{copyvio link}} links talk edit	^{[copyright violation?]}
{{dead link}} links talk edit	^{[dead link]}

[edit] Including third-party content

[edit] United States government attribution templates

These templates can be added to articles (close to the end of the article, in the References or External links section, for example). Before adding the template to an article, check the details of the usage - some templates require parameters such as a URL. Most of these templates add the articles to the category Wikipedia articles incorporating text from public domain works of the United States Government.

Template

Display

{{Air Force}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Air Force.

{{AFHRA}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Air Force Historical Research Agency.

{{Bioguide}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.

{{CDC}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

{{CIA World Factbook}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the CIA World Factbook.

{{USCG}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Coast Guard.

{{DADS}} Talk

Paul E. Black, {{{1}}} at the NIST Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures.

{{DANFS}} Talk

This article includes text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.

{{DHS}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of Homeland Security.

{{DoE}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of Energy.

{{FJC Bio}} Talk

{{{article}}} at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.

{{FS1037C}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from the General Services Administration document "Federal Standard 1037C".

{{FS1037C MS188}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from the General Services Administration document "Federal Standard 1037C" (in support of MIL-STD-188).

{{GHR}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from the United States National Library of Medicine document "Genetics Home Reference".

{{Loc}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Library of Congress Country Studies.

{{Marine Corps}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Marine Corps.

{{NARA}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Archives and Records Administration.

{{NASA}} Talk
Note: This template should be added to the article talk page

This article contains material that originally came from a NASA website or printed source. According to their site usage guidelines, "NASA material is not protected by copyright unless noted".

For more information, please review NASA's use guidelines.

{{NCBI-handbook}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from the National Center for Biotechnology Information document "NCBI Handbook".

{{NCBI-scienceprimer}} Talk

This article contains material from the Science Primer published by the NCBI, which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain.

{{NCI-cancer-dict}} Talk

This article includes text from the U.S. National Cancer Institute's public domain Dictionary of Cancer Terms

{{NHC}} Talk

This article includes information collected from the Naval Historical Center, which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain.

{{NIMH}} Talk

This article incorporates text from the National Institute of Mental Health, which is in the public domain.

{{NIST-PD}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

{{NLM content}} Talk

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

{{NPS}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Park Service.

{{NPS.Gov}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Park Service.

{{NTSB}} Talk

This article contains material that originally came from an NTSB website, which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain. For more information, please review NTSB's use policies.

{{NVR}} Talk

This article includes information collected from the Naval Vessel Register, which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain.

{{OSGguide}} Talk

This article incorporates text obtained from the public domain Office of the Solicitor General.

{{Recreation.Gov}} Talk

This article incorporates text from the Recreation.gov website({{{sourceURL}}}) that is a public domain work of the United States Government.

{{StateDept}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of State (Background Notes).

{{US Army}} Talk

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the United States Army.

{{USACE.Army.Mil}} Talk

This article incorporates text from the United States Army Corps of Engineers, which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain. Source: USACE.Army.Mil {{{sourceURL}}}

{{USDA}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of Agriculture.

{{USDHHS-PD}} Talk

This article incorporates text from the United States Department of Health and Human Services, which is in the public domain.

{{USGS}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Geological Survey.

{{USGovernment}} Talk

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Government.

{{USGovernment-Navy}} Talk

This article includes text from an official United States Navy website. As a work of the U.S. federal government, the text is in the public domain.

{{USGovernment-courts}} Talk

This article includes written opinion of a United States federal court. As a work of the U.S. federal government, the text is in the public domain. "[T]he Court is unanimously of opinion that no reporter has or can have any copyright in the written opinions delivered by this Court.” Wheaton v. Peters, 33 U.S. (8 Pet.) 591, 668 (1834)

{{Usgs-gazetteer}} Talk

This article incorporates text from , in the Geographic Names Information System, operated by the United States Geological Survey, and therefore a public domain work of the United States Government.

[edit] Other

Some of the reference types below use named fields (such as Title=Electric Power Monthly). In these references, you must use the exact field name (capitalization matters). Fields are separated with pipe (|) characters. The order of the fields does not matter.

[edit] Public domain

What to type	What it makes	Where it goes
{{1728}} Talk	This article incorporates content from the 1728 Cyclopaedia, a publication in the public domain.	Articles near bottom
{{1771 Britannica}} Talk	This article incorporates text from the 1771 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain.	Articles near bottom
{{1911}} Talk	This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.	Articles near bottom
{{Sect1911}} Talk	This section incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.	Articles at the end of a section
{{1913}} Talk	This article incorporates text from the public domain 1913 Webster's Dictionary.	Articles near bottom
{{A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain text from: Cousin, John William (1910). A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. London, J. M. Dent & sons; New York, E. P. Dutton.	Articles near bottom
{{Catholic}} Talk	This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913.	Articles near bottom
{{DNB}} Talk	This article incorporates text from the Dictionary of National Biography (1885–1900), a publication now in the public domain.	Articles near bottom
{{Eastons}} Talk	This article incorporates text from the public domain Easton's Bible Dictionary, originally published in 1897.	Articles at top
{{Etude}} Talk	This article is based on a text from the Etude magazine, prior to 1923, that is in the public domain.	Articles near bottom
{{Gray's}} Talk	This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated.	Articles near bottom
{{Grocers}} Talk	This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 edition of The Grocer's Encyclopedia.	Articles near bottom
{{GSE}} Talk	This article includes content derived from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969–1978.	Articles near bottom
{{JargonFile}} Talk	This article is based in part on the Jargon File, which is in the public domain.	Articles near bottom
{{JewishEncyclopedia}} Talk	This article incorporates text from the 1901–1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, a publication now in the public domain.	Articles near bottom
{{KeyTarot}} Talk	This article incorporates text from the public domain 1910 book Pictorial Key to the Tarot by Arthur Edward Waite. Please feel free to update the text.	Articles near bottom
{{NHC}} Talk	This article includes information collected from the Naval Historical Center, which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain.	Articles near bottom
{{Owl}} Talk	This article contains content from the Owl Edition of Nordisk familjebok, a Swedish encyclopedia published between 1904–1926 now in public domain.	Articles near bottom
{{pg}} Talk	This article incorporates facts obtained from The Political Graveyard.	Articles near bottom
{{RBD}} Talk	This article includes content derived from the Russian Biographical Dictionary, 1896–1918.	Articles near bottom
{{Schaff-Herzog}} Talk	This article includes content derived from the Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, 1914, which is in the public domain.	Articles near bottom
{{SeyffertDCA}} Talk	This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Classical Antiquities by Oskar Seyffert, edited by Henry Nettleship and J. E. Sandys (1894).	Articles near bottom
{{SmithDGRA}} Talk	This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities by William Smith (1870).	Articles near bottom
{{SmithDGRBM}} Talk	This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology by William Smith (1870).	Articles near bottom
{{SmithDGRG}} Talk	This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography by William Smith (1856).	Articles near bottom
{{Vectorsite}} Talk	The initial version of this article was based on a public domain article from Greg Goebel's Vectorsite.	Articles Reference
{{WaceBio}} Talk	This article uses text from A Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century A.D., with an Account of the Principal Sects and Heresies by Henry Wace.	Articles near bottom

[edit] Wikis

What to type

What it makes

Where it goes

{{cz}}
Talk

This article incorporates material from the Citizendium article "Template messages/Sources of articles", which is licensed under the Creative Commons-Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License but not under the GFDL.

Articles
near bottom

{{from Camerapedia}}
Talk

This article was originally based on one in Camerapedia, retrieved at an unknown date under the GNU Free Documentation License.

Articles
bottom

{{from Comixpedia}}
Talk

This page was originally based on an entry from Comixpedia and is used under the GNU Free Documentation License.

Articles
bottom

{{FOLDOC}}
Talk

This article was originally based on material from the Free On-line Dictionary of Computing, which is licensed under the GFDL.

Articles
near bottom

{{Openhistory}}
Talk

This article incorporates text from OpenHistory.

Articles
near bottom

{{Wookieepedia}}
Talk

As of this edit, this article uses content from Wookieepedia. The original article was at [[Wookieepedia:{{{1}}}|"{{{1}}}"]] and the list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with that of Wikipedia, the text of Wookieepedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License, and all relevant terms must be followed.

Talk pages

{{WorldCoin}}
Talk

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.

If this file is eligible for relicensing, it may also be used under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license.
The relicensing status of this image has not yet been reviewed. You can help.

This template will categorize into Cat:Wikipedia license migration candidates.

The permission for use of this work has been archived in the Wikimedia OTRS system; it is available as ticket 2006080810014758 for users with an OTRS account. To confirm the permission, please contact someone with an OTRS account.

Articles
Reference

[edit] Citations of generic sources

This page is a how-to guide detailing a practice or process on the English Wikipedia.

Shortcuts: WP:CITET WP:CIT WP:CT

See Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup#Verifiability and sources for cleanup request templates (such as "citation needed" and many more).

Citation templates are used to format citations in a consistent way. The use of citation templates is neither encouraged nor discouraged. Templates may be used or removed at the discretion of individual editors, subject to agreement with other editors on the article. Because templates can be contentious, editors should not change an article with a consistent citation format to another without gaining consensus.

There are several families of citation templates. The {{Citation}} template is intended to provide citations for many types of references. The other main family has names of the form {{Cite xxx}} (for example, {{Cite book}} and {{Cite web}}). For consideration of article consistency bear in mind that these two families produce slightly different citation formats. For example, the {{Cite xxx}} family separates elements with a full stop, while the {{Citation}} template separates elements with a comma. There is also the {{harvard citation}} template family (see the end of this page).

Wikilinks to citation templates can be created in a number of ways, see wikilinks to full references. This is of particular interest for inline citations using parenthetical referencing or when using shortened footnotes.^[1]

[edit] Use in footnotes

For a citation to appear in a footnote, it needs to be enclosed in "ref" tags. You can add these by typing <ref> at the front of the citation and </ref> at the end. Alternatively you may notice below the edit box there is a list of "markup" which includes <ref></ref> - if you highlight your whole citation and then click this markup, it will automatically enclose your citation in ref tags. Optionally, one may add the name attribute by using <ref name=name>details of the citation</ref>. Thereafter, the same footnote may be used multiple times by adding <ref name=name/>.

One way to provide specific page numbers for multiple references at different locations in the same work is to use the {{rp}} template (which has extensive documentation transcluded on its main page).

[edit] Examples

Below are examples of how to use templates to cite books, encyclopedias, journals, theses, papers, websites, comic strips, videos, and editorial comics. See also Category:Citation templates.

For full description of a template and the parameters which can be used with it — click the template name (e.g. {{Citation}} or {{Cite xxxx}}) in the "template (required)" column of the table below.
Required field(s) are indicated in bold
Copy and paste the text under "common usage" to use the template.
Following each example is the resulting article text.

See Wikipedia:Citing sources#Tools for a list of tools which can help create some of the templates below.

Citations are commonly embedded in reference templates. See Wikipedia:Footnotes for information on a commonly used reference template.

source	template (required)	common usage	Example 1 article text	Example 2 article text
book	{{cite book}} title	{{cite book \| last = \| first = \| authorlink = \| coauthors = \| title = \| publisher = \| date = \| location = \| pages = \| url = \| doi = \| id = \| isbn = }}	{{cite book \| last = Mumford \| first = David \| authorlink = David Mumford \| title = The Red Book of V… \| publisher = [[Springer]] \| location = Berlin \| date = 1999 \| page = 198 \| doi = 10.1007/b62130 \| isbn = 354063293X }} Mumford, David (1999). The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. p. 198. doi:10.1007/b62130. ISBN 354063293X.	{{cite book \| last1 = Cordell \| first1 = Bruce R. \| first1 = Jeff \| last2 = Grubb \| first3 =David \| last3 = Noonan \| title = [[Manual of the Planes]] \| location = Berlin \| publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]] \| year= 2001 \| pages = 198-203 \| month = September \| isbn = 0-7869-1850-8 }} Cordell, Bruce R.; Grubb, Jeff; Noonan, David (September 2001). Manual of the Planes. Berlin: Wizards of the Coast. pp. 198-203. ISBN 0-7869-1850-8.
book	{{Citation}}	{{Citation \| last = \| first = \| author-link = \| last2 = \| first2 = \| author2-link = \| title = \| place = \| publisher = \| year = \| volume = \| edition = \| url = \| doi = \| id = \| isbn = }}	{{Citation \| first = David \| last = Mu… \| author-link = David Mumfo… \| title = The Red Book of V… \| place = Berlin \| publisher = Springer-Verl… \| year = 1999 \| page = 198 \| doi = 10.1007/b62130 \| isbn = 354063293X }} Mumford, David (1999), The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, p. 198, doi:10.1007/b62130, ISBN 354063293X	{{Citation \| last1 = Cordell \| first1 = Bruce R. \| last2 = Grubb \| first2 = Jeff \| last3 = Noonan \| first3 = David \| title = [[Manual of the Planes]] \| place = Berlin \| publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]] \|pages = 198-203 \| date = September 2001 \| year = 2001 \| isbn = 0-7869-1850-8 }} Cordell, Bruce R.; Grubb, Jeff; Noonan, David (September 2001), Manual of the Planes, Berlin: Wizards of the Coast, pp. 198-203, ISBN 0-7869-1850-8
journal	{{cite journal}} Title	{{cite journal \| last = \| first = \| authorlink = \| coauthors = \| title = \| journal = \| volume = \| issue = \| pages = \| publisher = \| location = \| date = \| url = \| issn = \| doi = \| id = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite journal \| authorlink = Stephen Brey… \| title = Copyright: A Rejo… \| journal = UCLA Law Review \| volume = 20 \| pages = 75–83 \| date = October 1972}} Breyer, Stephen (October 1972). "Copyright: A Rejoinder". UCLA Law Review 20: 75–83.	{{cite journal \| last = Bailey \| first = David H. \| authorlink = David H. Bailey \| coauthors = [[Peter Borwein\|Borwein… \| title = The Quest for Pi \| journal = Mathematical Intelligencer \| volume = 19 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 50–57 \| publisher = Springer-Verlag \| location = Berlin \| date = [[1999-06-25]] \| url = http://crd.lbl.gov/…-quest.pdf \| format = [[Portable Document Format\|PDF]] \| issn = 0343-6993 \| accessdate = 2006-06-29 }} Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter B., and Borwein, Jonathan M. (1999-06-25). "The Quest for Pi" (PDF). Mathematical Intelligencer (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) 19 (1): 50–57. ISSN 0343-6993. http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/dhbpapers/pi-quest.pdf. Retrieved on 2006-06-29.
journal	{{Citation}} journal (or periodical)	{{Citation \| last = \| first = \| author-link = \| last2 = \| first2 = \| author2-link = \| title = \| journal = \| volume = \| issue = \| pages = \| date = \| year = \| url = \| doi = \| id = }}	{{Citation \| last = Breyer \| first = Stephen \| author-link = Stephen Bre… \| title = Copyright: A Rejo… \| journal = UCLA Law Review \| volume = 20 \| pages = 75–83 \| date = October 1972 \| year = 1972 }} Breyer, Stephen (October 1972), "Copyright: A Rejoinder", UCLA Law Review 20: 75–83	{{Citation \| last1 = Bailey \| first1 = David H. \| author1-link = David H. Bailey \| last2 = Borwein \| first2 = Peter \| author2-link = Peter Borwein \| last3 = Borwein \| first3 = Jonathan… \| author3-link = Jonathan M. Borwein \| title = The Quest for Pi \| journal = Mathematical Intelligencer \| volume = 19 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 50–57 \| publisher = Springer-Verlag \| location = Berlin \| date = 1999-06-25 \| year = 1999 \| url = http://crd.lbl.gov/…-quest.pdf \| issn = 0343-6993 }} Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter; Borwein, Jonathan M. (1999-06-25), "The Quest for Pi", Mathematical Intelligencer (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) 19 (1): 50–57, ISSN 0343-6993, http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/dhbpapers/pi-quest.pdf
conference report or paper	{{cite conference}} title booktitle	{{cite conference \| first = \| last = \| authorlink = \| coauthors = \| title = \| booktitle = \| pages = \| publisher = \| date = \| location = \| url = \| doi = \| id = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite conference \| first = M. \| last = Turk \| authorlink = \| coauthors = Pentland, A. \| title = Face recognition … \| booktitle = Proc IEEE Con… \| pages = 586–591 \| year = 1991 }} Turk, M.; Pentland, A. (1991). "Face recognition using eigenfaces". Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 586–591.	{{cite conference \| last = Evans \| first = N. R. \| coauthors = Schaefer, G; Bond, H.; … \| title = Direct detection of the clo… \| booktitle = American Astronomical S… \| place = Maui, Hawaii \| date = [[2006-01-09]] \| url = http://www.aas.org/pu…1130.htm \| accessdate = 2006-07-02 }} Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G.; Bond, H.; Bono, G.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E.; Sasselov, D. (2006-01-09). "Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope". American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting. Retrieved on 2006-07-02.
conference report or paper	{{Citation}}	{{Citation \| first = \| last = \| author-link = \| first2 = \| last2 = \| author2-link = \| editor-last = \| editor-first = \| editor2-last = \| editor2-first = \| contribution = \| contribution-url = \| title = \| year = \| pages = \| place = \| publisher = \| url = \| doi = \| id = }}	{{Citation \| last1 = Turk \| first1 = M. \| last2 = Pet… \| first2 = A. \| contribution = Face recog… \| title = Proc IEEE Confere… \| publisher = IEEE \| pages = 586–591 \| year = 1991 }} Turk, M.; Petland, A. (1991), "Face recognition using eigenfaces", Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, pp. 586–591	{{Citation \| last1 = Evans \| first1 = N. R. \| last2 = Schaefer \| first2 = G. \| last3 = Bond \| first3 = H. \| last4 = Karovska \| first4 = M. \| last5 = Nelan \| first5 = E. \| last6 = Sasselov \| first6 = D. \| contribution = Direct detection of … \| title = American Astronomical… \| publisher = AAS \| date = 2006-01-09 \| year = 2006 \| contribution-url = http://…30.htm }} Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G.; Bond, H.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E.; Sasselov, D. (2006-01-09), "Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope", American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting, AAS
encyclopedia	{{cite encyclopedia}} Title encyclopedia	{{cite encyclopedia \| title = \| encyclopedia = \| volume = \| pages = \| publisher = \| date = \| id = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite encyclopedia \| title = Kirkegaard, Ole L… \| encyclopedia = Grote Wink… \| volume = 9 \| publisher = [[Winkler P…]] \| date = 1882 }} "Kirkegaard, Ole Lund". Grote Winkler Prins. 9. Winkler Prins. 1882.	{{cite encyclopedia \| last = Kramer \| first = Martin \| authorlink = Martin Kramer \| title = Bernard Lewis \| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Hist… \| volume = 1 \| pages = 719–720 \| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn \| location = London \| date = 1999 \| url = http://www.geocities.com/mart… \| accessdate = 2006-05-23 }} Kramer, Martin (1999). "Bernard Lewis". Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing. 1. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. pp. 719–720. http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm. Retrieved on 2006-05-23.
encyclopedia	{{Citation}} contribution=name of article	{{Citation \| last = \| first = \| contribution = \| year = \| title = \| editor-last = \| editor-first = \| volume = \| pages = \| place = \| publisher = \| id = }}	{{Citation \| contribution = Kirkegaard… \| title = Grote Winkler Pri… \| editor-last = Winkler Pri… \| editor-first = Anthony \| editor-link = Anthony Win… \| volume = 9 \| publisher = Elsevier \| year = 1882 }} Winkler Prins, Anthony, ed. (1882), "Kirkegaard, Ole Lund", Grote Winkler Prins, 9, Elsevier	{{Citation \| last = Kramer \| first = Martin \| author-link = Martin Kramer \| contribution = Bernard Lewis \| editor-last = Boyd \| editor-first = Kelley \| title = Encyclopedia of Historians … \| volume = 1 \| pages = 719–720 \| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn \| place = London \| year = 1999 \| contribution-url = http://…is.htm }} Kramer, Martin (1999), "Bernard Lewis", in Boyd, Kelley, Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720
news article	{{cite news}} Title	{{cite news \| last = \| first = \| coauthors = \| title = \| work = \| place = \| pages = \| language = \| publisher = \| date = \| url = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite news \| last = McGee \| first = Maggie \| title = Seabed 'scarred' … \| pages = 12–27 \| publisher = CNN \| date = [[2005-02-10]] \| url = http://www.cnn.com/… \| accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} McGee, Maggie (2005-02-10). "Seabed 'scarred' by tsunami quake". CNN. pp. 12–27. http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/asiapcf/02/10/tsunami.ship.ap/index.html. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.	{{cite news \| last = Andersen \| first = David \| coauthors = Witter, Lameen \| title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO… \| publisher = Marine Corps News \| date = [[2006-02-17]] \| url = http://www.military.com/Caree… \| accessdate = 2006-06-02 }} Andersen, David; Witter, Lameen (2006-02-17). "Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success". Marine Corps News. http://www.military.com/Careers/Content1?file=careersArticlesGoDaddy.htm&area=Reference. Retrieved on 2006-06-02.
news article	{{Citation}} newspaper (or magazine, journal, periodical)	{{Citation \| last = \| first = \| author-link = \| last2 = \| first2 = \| author2-link = \| title = \| newspaper = \| pages = \| year = \| date = \| url = }}	{{Citation \| last=Cowdery \| first=Oliver \| author-link=Oliver Cowdery \| title=Letter VIII \| newspaper=[[Latter Day Sa… \| volume=2 \| issue=1 \| pages=195–202 \| year=1835 \| date=October 1835 \| url=http://www.centerp… }} Cowdery, Oliver (October 1835), "Letter VIII", Messenger and Advocate 2 (1): 195–202, http://www.centerplace.org/history/ma/v2n01.htm#195	{{Citation \| last1 = Andersen \| first1 = David \| last2 = Witter \| first2 = Lameen \| title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO… \| newspaper = Marine Corps News \| date = 2006-02-17 \| year = 2006 \| url = http://www.military.com/Ca… }} Andersen, David; Witter, Lameen (2006-02-17), "Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success", Marine Corps News, http://www.military.com/Careers/Content1?file=careersArticlesGoDaddy.htm&area=Reference
website	{{cite web}} title url	{{cite web \| last = \| first = \| authorlink = \| coauthors = \| title = \| work = \| publisher = \| date = \| url = \| format = \| doi = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite web \| last = Spiegel \| first = Rachel \| title = Research: Thalido… \| url=http://science-educat… \| accessdate = 2006-04-30 }} Spiegel, Rachel. "Research in the News: Thalidomide". http://science-education.nih.gov/nihHTML/ose/snapshots/multimedia/ritn/Thalidomide/index.html. Retrieved on 2006-04-30.	{{cite web \| last = Hansen \| first = James E. \| authorlink = James Hansen \| coauthors = R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and … \| title = GISS Surface Temperature An… \| work = \| publisher = [[Goddard Institute for… \| date = 2005-12-15 \| url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis… \| format = \| doi = \| accessdate = 2006-09-28 }} Hansen, James E.; R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and K. Lo (2005-12-15). "GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation". NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/2005/. Retrieved on 2006-09-28.
website	{{Citation}} title url	{{Citation \| last = \| first = \| author-link = \| last2 = \| first2 = \| author2-link = \| title = \| date = \| year = \| url = \| accessdate = }}	{{Citation \| last = Spiegel \| first = Rachel \| title = Research: Thalido… \| url=http://science-educat… \| accessdate = 2006-04-30 }} Spiegel, Rachel, Research in the News: Thalidomide, http://science-education.nih.gov/nihHTML/ose/snapshots/multimedia/ritn/Thalidomide/index.html, retrieved on 2006-04-30	{{Citation \| last1 = Hansen \| first1 = James E. \| author1-link = James Hansen \| last2 = Ruedy \| first2 = R. \| last3 = Sato \| first3 = M. \| last4 = Lo \| first4 = K. \| title = GISS Surface Temperature An… \| date = 2005-12-15 \| year = 2005 \| url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis… \| accessdate = 2006-09-28 }} Hansen, James E.; Ruedy, R.; Sato, M.; Lo, K. (2005-12-15), GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation, http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/2005/, retrieved on 2006-09-28
newsgroup posting DO NOT USE TO VERIFY	{{cite newsgroup}} Title	{{cite newsgroup \| title = \| author = \| date = \| newsgroup = \| id = \| url = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite newsgroup \| author = Gary S. Terhune \| title = Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del… \| date = 2004-01-11 \| newsgroup = microsoft.pub… \| id = uAIVMjC2DHA.2336@TK2… \| url = http://groups.googl… \| accessdate = 2006-05-16 }} Gary S. Terhune (2004-01-11). "Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del function on W98, 2nd". microsoft.public.win98.gen_discussion. (Web link). Retrieved on 2006-05-16.	{{cite newsgroup \| title = How can helping "Kids in Af… \| author = Trodel \| date = 2006-06-10 \| newsgroup= humanities.philosophy.ob… \| id = 1149950890.204481.35810@h76g20… \| url = http://groups.google.com/grou… \| accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} Trodel (2006-06-10). "How can helping "Kids in Africa" be in my self interest". humanities.philosophy.objectivism. (Web link). Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
paper thesis dissertation	{{cite paper}} Title	{{cite paper \| first = \| last = \| author = \| authorlink = \| coauthors = \| title = \| version = \| publisher = \| date = \| url = \| format = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite paper \| author = Ziman, J.M., F.R… \| title = Public Knowledge:… \| date = 1968 \| url =http://info.med.yale… \| format = [[Portable Document Format\|PDF]] \| accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} Ziman, J.M., F.R.S. (1968) (PDF). Public Knowledge: An essay concerning the social dimension of science. http://info.med.yale.edu/therarad/summers/ziman.htm. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.	{{cite paper \| author = Williamson, John \| coauthors = Zagha, Roberto \| title = From the Hindu Rate of Grow… \| version = Working Paper No 144 \| publisher = Center for Research on … \| date = 2002 \| url = http://scid.stanford.e…144.pdf \| format = [[Portable Document Format\|PDF]] \| accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} Williamson, John; Zagha, Roberto (2002) (PDF). From the Hindu Rate of Growth to the Hindu Rate of Reform. Working Paper No. 144. Center for research on economic development and policy reform. http://scid.stanford.edu/pdf/credpr144.pdf. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
patent	{{Citation}} inventor-last	{{Citation \| inventor-last = \| inventor-first = \| inventorlink = \| inventor2-last = \| inventor2-first = \| inventorlink2 = \| publication-date = \| issue-date = \| title = \| country-code = \| description = \| patent-number = }}	{{citation \| inventor1-last = Degermark \| inventor1-first = Mikael \| inventor2-last = Brodnik \| inventor2-first = Andrej \| inventor3-last = Carlsson \| inventor3-first = Svante \| inventor4-last = Pink \| inventor4-first = Stephen \| title = Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams \| issue-date = 2001 \| patent-number = 6266706 \| country-code = US}} Degermark, Mikael; Andrej Brodnik & Svante Carlsson et al., "Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams", US 6266706, issued 2001
press release	{{cite press release}} Title	{{cite press release \| title = \| publisher = \| date = \| url = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite press release \| title = Nature compares W… \| publisher = The Wikimedia… \| date = [[2005-12-15]] \| url = http://en.wikipedia… \| accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} The Wikimedia Foundation (2005-12-15). Nature compares Wikipedia and Britannica. Press release. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Press_releases/Nature_compares_Wikipedia_and_Britannica. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.	{{cite press release \| title = HFPA Announces Timetable fo… \| publisher = [[Hollywood Foreign P…]] \| date = [[2006-05-25]] \| url = http://www.hfpa.org/news/id/32 \| accessdate = 2006-06-13 }} Hollywood Foreign Press Association (2006-05-25). HFPA Announces Timetable for 64th Annual Golden Globe Awards. Press release. http://www.hfpa.org/news/id/32. Retrieved on 2006-06-13.
video (movie, television production, documentary, etc.)	{{cite video}} people title	{{cite video \| people = \| title = \| medium = \| publisher = \| location = \| year2 = }}	{{cite video \| people = Al-Issawi, Omar … \| title = [http://www.imdb…] \| medium = TV-Series \| publisher = Al-Issawi, Om… \| location = Lebanon \| year2 = 2001 }} Al-Issawi, Omar (Director). (2001). Harab libnan. [Television production]. Lebanon: Al-Issawi, Omar.	{{cite video \| people = Dick Cavett \| title = The Dick Cavett Show — Rock… \| medium = DVD \| publisher = Shout Factory \| year2 = 2005 }} Dick Cavett. (2005). The Dick Cavett Show — Rock Icons (1969). [DVD]. Shout Factory.
television or radio episode	{{cite episode}} title	{{cite episode \| title = \| episodelink = \| series = \| serieslink = \| airdate = \| season = \| number = }}	{{cite episode \| title = Tabula Rasa \| episodelink = Tabula Rasa … \| series = Lost \| serieslink = Lost (TV Seri… \| airdate = 2004-10-06 \| season = 1 \| number = 3 }} "Tabula Rasa". Lost. 2004-10-06. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabula+Rasa+%28Lost%29. No. 3, season 1.	{{cite episode \| title = Duet \| episodelink = Duet (Stargate Atlant… \| series = Stargate Atlantis \| serieslink = Stargate Atlantis \| airdate = 2005-08-05 \| season = 2 \| number = 4 }} "Duet". Stargate Atlantis. 2005-08-05. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duet+%28Stargate+Atlantis%29. No. 4, season 2.
court case (legal decision)	{{cite court}}	{{cite court \|litigants = \|vol = \|reporter = \|opinion = \|pinpoint = \|court = \|date = \|url= }}	{{cite court \|litigants=Roe v. Wade \|vol=410 \|reporter=U.S. \|opinion=113 \|pinpoint= \|court= \|date=1973 \|url=http://www.law.corn… }} Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973).
map	{{cite map}} publisher title edition	{{cite map \|publisher = \|title = \|url = \|edition = \|section = \|accessdate = }}	{{cite map \|publisher=Kansas Departmen… \|title=Official State Trans… \|url=http://www.ksdot.org/b… \|edition=2005-2006 \|section=F9 \|accessdate=2007-03-30 }} Kansas Department of Transportation. Official State Transportation Map [map], 2005-2006 edition. Section F9. Retrieved on 2007-03-30.	{{cite map \|publisher=Skelly Oil Company \|title=Highway Map of Oklahoma \|cartography=Diversified Map Co \|edition=1966 \|section=11C }} Skelly Oil Company. Highway Map of Oklahoma [map], 1966 edition. Cartography by Diversified Map Co. Section 11C.
mailing list	{{cite mailing list}} title url	{{cite mailing list \| last = \| first = \| authorlink = \| title = \| mailinglist = \| date = \| url = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite mailing list \|last=Murdock \|first=Ian \|authorlink=Ian Murdock \|title=Debian GNU/Linux 0.9… \|mailinglist=debian-announce \|date=1995-10-26 \|url=http://lists.debian.or… \|accessdate=2007-04-20 }} Murdock, Ian (1995-10-26). "Debian GNU/Linux 0.93 Release 6 now available". debian-announce mailing list. http://lists.debian.org/debian-announce/debian-announce-1995/msg00007.html. Retrieved on 2007-04-20.
video game	{{cite video game}} title developer	{{cite video game \| title = \| developer = \| publisher = \| date = \| platform = \| version = \| level = \| language = \| isolang = \| quote = }}	{{cite video game \|title=[[Halo 3]] \|developer= [[Bungie]] \|publisher=[[Microsoft Game Studios]] \|date=2007-09-25 \|platform=[[Xbox 360]] \|version=1.0 \|level=The Storm \|language=English \|isolang= \|quote='''Arbiter''': More Brutes? / '''Master Chief''': Worse. Bungie. Halo 3. (Microsoft Game Studios). Xbox 360, (v1.0). Level/area: The Storm (in English). (2007-09-25) "Arbiter: More Brutes? / Master Chief: Worse."

Comic/cartoon citations and other notes

What to type

What it makes

{{Cite comic| writer=[[Stan Lee|Lee, Stan]] | penciller=[[Jack Kirby|Kirby, Jack]] | inker=[[Christopher Rule|Rule, Christopher]] | story=The Fantastic Four! | title=[[Fantastic Four|The Fantastic Four]] | volume=1 | issue=1 | date=November, 1961 | publisher=[[Marvel Comics]] | page=3 | panel=2 }}

Notes

This template allows for a cartoonist field to be used instead of the individual fields if there is a sole creator, as in Bone, or an artist field if the penciller and inker is the same person.
The style of this template is based on Allen Ellis' Comic Art in Scholarly Writing: A Citation Guide, 1999.
See the talk page for more details and field explanations.

Lee, Stan (w), Kirby, Jack (p), Rule, Christopher (i). "The Fantastic Four!" The Fantastic Four 1 (1): 3/2 (November 1961), Marvel Comics

{{Comic strip reference | cartoonist=[[Milton Caniff|Caniff, Milton]] | strip=[[Steve Canyon]] | paper=Journal Herald | location=Dayton, OH | date=July 15, 1967 | supplement=Color Comics Supplement | syndicate=Newspaper Syndicate | page=1 }}

Notes

The style of this template is based on Allen Ellis' Comic Art in Scholarly Writing: A Citation Guide, 1999.
See the talk page for more details and field explanations.

Caniff, Milton (c). Steve Canyon. Journal Herald (Dayton, OH). July 15, 1967, [Color Comics Supplement], Newspaper Syndicate

1.

Harvard citation examples (Template:Harvard citation)

Based on related Harvard citation template (automatically creates a one-directional link to the first matching Harvard reference on the same page):

{{Harvard citation|Turner|1851|pp=10–11}} (full cite format)
{{Harv|Smith|1879|p=289}} (short format)
{{Harvtxt|Turner|1851}} asserts that ... (author's name part of text)
{{Harvnb|Smith|1879}} (no brackets)
{{Harv|Jones|2006|loc=section 5|Ref=none}} (non-linking)
{{Harv|Lincoln|Washington|Adams|2007|pp=88–89}} (multi-author)

Three Harvcol templates are altered to use colons to indicate page numbers. Their syntax is identical to the Harvard citation template:

{{Harvcol|Turner|1851|pp=10–11}}
{{Harvcol|Smith|1879|p=289}}
{{Harvcoltxt|Blust|1999}} asserts that ...
{{Harvcolnb|Smith|1879}}
{{Harvcolnb|Lincoln|Washington|Adams|2007|pp=88–89}}

Notes

For compatibility with various author-name referencing styles, Surname and Year are mandatory.
If there is only one author, the parameters Surname and Given may be replaced with Last and First, respectively.
Template is generally compatible with Template:Cite book, but this lacks the linking functionality provided by Template:Citation.
See also Wikipedia:Harvard citation template examples

(Turner 1851, pp. 10–11)
(Smith 1879, p. 289)
Turner (1851) asserts that ...
Smith 1879
(Jones 2006, section 5)
(Lincoln, Washington & Adams 2007, pp. 88–89)

Harvcol templates

(Turner 1851:10–11)
(Smith 1879:289)
Blust (1999) asserts that ...
Smith 1879
Lincoln, Washington & Adams 2007:88–89

[edit] See also

Category:Citation templates
- Template:Ref – makes a simple reference, for use in a "References" section.
- Wikipedia:Template messages/Sources of articles/Citation quick reference - common templates
Wikipedia:Citing sources
Wikipedia:Verifiability
Wikipedia:Citation needed - a citation needed template explanation
Wikipedia:Reliable sources
WebCite – tool to archive webpages to allow stable citation links.
Template:Uw-unsourced1 - please cite sources

[edit] External links

^ In contrast to parenthetical referencing or shortened footnotes, citations using the footnote system don't require wikilinks of course, as the inline citations in this method simply appear as numbers within the text, linking to a list of full citations (and notes) at the end of the article (like this).

[edit] Citations for footnotes and for linking

The following examples are examples of Wikipedia:Footnotes from {{Ref/examples}} are rendered as a template in the following table. These references can be used with the citations above to create a link from the text to the references.

What to type

What it makes

Linking and footnote templates

Tags attached to links in text area:

"{{ref}} example{{ref|reference1}}" — Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "reference1".
"Deprecated {{ref num}} example{{ref num|reference1|1}}" — Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "reference1", but marked in the text with the number "1" instead of an automatically generated number. NOTE: {{ref num}} is deprecated. {{ref label}} should be used instead.
"{{ref label}} example{{ref label|example.com|2|none}}" — Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "example.com". Text is marked with the number "2".

For two links to the same footnote labeled "example.com", you would:

"{{ref label}} example{{ref label|example.com|3|a}}"
"{{ref label}} example{{ref label|example.com|3|b}}"
"{{ref label}} example{{ref label|nextexample.com|4|4}}"
"{{ref harvard}} example {{ref harvard|lastexample.com|Jones 1999|none}}" — Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "lastexample.comnone", and marked in the text with (Jones 1999).
"{{ref harv}} example {{ref harv|lastexample.com|Jones 1999|none}}" — Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "lastexample.comnone", and marked in the text with ^{(Jones 1999)}.
"{{ref harvard}} example {{ref harvard|finalexample.com|Smith 2000|a}}(a)"
"{{ref harv}} example {{ref harv|finalexample.com|Smith 2000|a}}(a)"
"{{ref harvard}} example {{ref harvard|finalexample.com|Smith 2000|b}}(b)"
"{{ref harv}} example {{ref harv|finalexample.com|Smith 2000|b}}(b)"

Tags attached to links in References or Footnote section:

"#{{note|reference1}} example of {{note}}" — In References section, citation labeled "reference1".

"#{{note label|example.com|2|none}}"— In References section, citation labeled "example.comnone". Creates backlink to matching {{ref label}} entry in the text labeled "example.comnone".

Now, if you have two links to the same footnote labeled "example.com", you would do:

"#{{note label|example.com|3|a}}{{note label|example.com|3|b}} example of {{note label}}"

"{{note label|nextexample.com|4|4}} example of {{note label}}"

"{{note label|lastexample.com|Jones 1999|none}}Jones (1999) {{note label}}" -- Note that when the 3rd unnamed parameter is specified as "none", the ^ symbol is rendered for the backlink.
"{{note label|finalexample.com|Smith 2000|a}}{{note label|finalexample.com|Smith 2000|b}}Smith (2000)"

In text area:

{{ref}} example^[1]
Deprecated {{ref num}} example^[1]
{{ref label}} example^[2]
{{ref label}} example^[3]
{{ref label}} example^[3]
{{ref label}} example^[4]
{{ref harvard}} example (Jones 1999)
{{ref harv}} example ^{(Jones 1999)}
{{ref harvard}} example (Smith 2000)(a)
{{ref harv}} example ^{(Smith 2000)}(a)
{{ref harvard}} example (Smith 2000)(b)
{{ref harv}} example ^{(Smith 2000)}(b)

In References or Footnote section:

^ example of {{note}}
^{^} example of {{note label}}
^a ^b example of {{note label}}

⁴ example of {{note label}}

^{^} Jones (1999) {{note label}}
^a ^b Smith (2000)

[edit] Citations of specific sources

Notes:

See also Wikipedia:Template messages/Links#External links for components of online citations such as DOIs.
ISBNs are autolinked by the Wikipedia software; see Wikipedia:ISBN.
RFC references such as "RFC 2821" are also autolinked.
PMIDs are also autolinked; see Wikipedia:PMID.

What to type	What it makes
{{ITIS\|ID=\|taxon=\|year=\|date=}} Talk	Genus species (TSN 123456). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved on 1 January 2004.
{{FishBase species\|genus=\|species=\|year=\|month=}} Talk	"Genus species". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. January 2004 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2004.
{{FishBase species alt\|ID=\|taxon=\|year=\|month=}} Talk	"Genus species". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. January 2004 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2004.
{{FishBase_genus\|genus=\|year=\|month=}} Talk	"Genus". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. Month Year version. N.p.: FishBase, Year.
{{FishBase family\|family=\|year=\|month=}} Talk	"Family". FishBase. Ed. Rainer Froese and Daniel Pauly. Month Year version. N.p.: FishBase, Year.
{{IUCN\|author=\|title=\|year=\|ID=\|IUCN_Year=}} Talk	Lastname, Firstname Initial (Year). "Title." IUCN_Year IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN IUCN_Year.
{{Gutenberg \| no=6656 \| name=The Kiltartan Poetry Book}} Talk	The Kiltartan Poetry Book at Project Gutenberg
{{Citeseer \| View-based and modular Eigenspaces for face recognition \| pentland94viewbased }} Talk	View-based and modular Eigenspaces for face recognition
{{MathWorld \| urlname=PetersenGraph \| title=Petersen Graph}} Talk	Weistein, Eric W., "Petersen Graph" from MathWorld.
{{ScienceWorld \| urlname=biography/Einstein.html \| title=Albert Einstein}} Talk	Eric W. Weisstein, Albert Einstein at ScienceWorld.
{{Wipipedia\|Wiki_pagename_with_underscores}} Talk	This article incorporates text from the article on Wiki_pagename_with_underscores in Wipipedia, the free-content Fetish and BDSM encyclopedia.
The Encyclopedia of World History at Bartleby.com {{worldhistory\|section=\|quote=}}	section – the portion between http://www.bartleby.com/67/ and .html in the URL of the page you wish to cite. For example, if I wished to cite http://www.bartleby.com/67/716.html, the section is 716. quote – What do you want the first part of the included text to read. The default is Citation. Example: {{worldhistory\|section=716\|quote=Diderot’s encyclopedia banned in 1751}} Creates: Diderot’s encyclopedia banned in 1751 from The Encyclopedia of World History Sixth Edition, Peter N. Stearns (general editor), © 2001 The Houghton Mifflin Company, at Bartleby.com.

[0] In contrast to parenthetical referencing or shortened footnotes, citations using the footnote system don't require wikilinks of course, as the inline citations in this method simply appear as numbers within the text, linking to a list of full citations (and notes) at the end of the article (like this).

[1]

[1]

source	template (required)	common usage	Example 1 article text	Example 2 article text
book	{{cite book}} title	{{cite book \| last = \| first = \| authorlink = \| coauthors = \| title = \| publisher = \| date = \| location = \| pages = \| url = \| doi = \| id = \| isbn = }}	{{cite book \| last = Mumford \| first = David \| authorlink = David Mumford \| title = The Red Book of V… \| publisher = [[Springer]] \| location = Berlin \| date = 1999 \| page = 198 \| doi = 10.1007/b62130 \| isbn = 354063293X }} Mumford, David (1999). The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. p. 198. doi:10.1007/b62130. ISBN 354063293X.	{{cite book \| last1 = Cordell \| first1 = Bruce R. \| first1 = Jeff \| last2 = Grubb \| first3 =David \| last3 = Noonan \| title = [[Manual of the Planes]] \| location = Berlin \| publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]] \| year= 2001 \| pages = 198-203 \| month = September \| isbn = 0-7869-1850-8 }} Cordell, Bruce R.; Grubb, Jeff; Noonan, David (September 2001). Manual of the Planes. Berlin: Wizards of the Coast. pp. 198-203. ISBN 0-7869-1850-8.
book	{{Citation}}	{{Citation \| last = \| first = \| author-link = \| last2 = \| first2 = \| author2-link = \| title = \| place = \| publisher = \| year = \| volume = \| edition = \| url = \| doi = \| id = \| isbn = }}	{{Citation \| first = David \| last = Mu… \| author-link = David Mumfo… \| title = The Red Book of V… \| place = Berlin \| publisher = Springer-Verl… \| year = 1999 \| page = 198 \| doi = 10.1007/b62130 \| isbn = 354063293X }} Mumford, David (1999), The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, p. 198, doi:10.1007/b62130, ISBN 354063293X	{{Citation \| last1 = Cordell \| first1 = Bruce R. \| last2 = Grubb \| first2 = Jeff \| last3 = Noonan \| first3 = David \| title = [[Manual of the Planes]] \| place = Berlin \| publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]] \|pages = 198-203 \| date = September 2001 \| year = 2001 \| isbn = 0-7869-1850-8 }} Cordell, Bruce R.; Grubb, Jeff; Noonan, David (September 2001), Manual of the Planes, Berlin: Wizards of the Coast, pp. 198-203, ISBN 0-7869-1850-8
journal	{{cite journal}} Title	{{cite journal \| last = \| first = \| authorlink = \| coauthors = \| title = \| journal = \| volume = \| issue = \| pages = \| publisher = \| location = \| date = \| url = \| issn = \| doi = \| id = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite journal \| authorlink = Stephen Brey… \| title = Copyright: A Rejo… \| journal = UCLA Law Review \| volume = 20 \| pages = 75–83 \| date = October 1972}} Breyer, Stephen (October 1972). "Copyright: A Rejoinder". UCLA Law Review 20: 75–83.	{{cite journal \| last = Bailey \| first = David H. \| authorlink = David H. Bailey \| coauthors = [[Peter Borwein\|Borwein… \| title = The Quest for Pi \| journal = Mathematical Intelligencer \| volume = 19 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 50–57 \| publisher = Springer-Verlag \| location = Berlin \| date = [[1999-06-25]] \| url = http://crd.lbl.gov/…-quest.pdf \| format = [[Portable Document Format\|PDF]] \| issn = 0343-6993 \| accessdate = 2006-06-29 }} Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter B., and Borwein, Jonathan M. (1999-06-25). "The Quest for Pi" (PDF). Mathematical Intelligencer (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) 19 (1): 50–57. ISSN 0343-6993. http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/dhbpapers/pi-quest.pdf. Retrieved on 2006-06-29.
journal	{{Citation}} journal (or periodical)	{{Citation \| last = \| first = \| author-link = \| last2 = \| first2 = \| author2-link = \| title = \| journal = \| volume = \| issue = \| pages = \| date = \| year = \| url = \| doi = \| id = }}	{{Citation \| last = Breyer \| first = Stephen \| author-link = Stephen Bre… \| title = Copyright: A Rejo… \| journal = UCLA Law Review \| volume = 20 \| pages = 75–83 \| date = October 1972 \| year = 1972 }} Breyer, Stephen (October 1972), "Copyright: A Rejoinder", UCLA Law Review 20: 75–83	{{Citation \| last1 = Bailey \| first1 = David H. \| author1-link = David H. Bailey \| last2 = Borwein \| first2 = Peter \| author2-link = Peter Borwein \| last3 = Borwein \| first3 = Jonathan… \| author3-link = Jonathan M. Borwein \| title = The Quest for Pi \| journal = Mathematical Intelligencer \| volume = 19 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 50–57 \| publisher = Springer-Verlag \| location = Berlin \| date = 1999-06-25 \| year = 1999 \| url = http://crd.lbl.gov/…-quest.pdf \| issn = 0343-6993 }} Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter; Borwein, Jonathan M. (1999-06-25), "The Quest for Pi", Mathematical Intelligencer (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) 19 (1): 50–57, ISSN 0343-6993, http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/dhbpapers/pi-quest.pdf
conference report or paper	{{cite conference}} title booktitle	{{cite conference \| first = \| last = \| authorlink = \| coauthors = \| title = \| booktitle = \| pages = \| publisher = \| date = \| location = \| url = \| doi = \| id = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite conference \| first = M. \| last = Turk \| authorlink = \| coauthors = Pentland, A. \| title = Face recognition … \| booktitle = Proc IEEE Con… \| pages = 586–591 \| year = 1991 }} Turk, M.; Pentland, A. (1991). "Face recognition using eigenfaces". Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 586–591.	{{cite conference \| last = Evans \| first = N. R. \| coauthors = Schaefer, G; Bond, H.; … \| title = Direct detection of the clo… \| booktitle = American Astronomical S… \| place = Maui, Hawaii \| date = [[2006-01-09]] \| url = http://www.aas.org/pu…1130.htm \| accessdate = 2006-07-02 }} Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G.; Bond, H.; Bono, G.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E.; Sasselov, D. (2006-01-09). "Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope". American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting. Retrieved on 2006-07-02.
conference report or paper	{{Citation}}	{{Citation \| first = \| last = \| author-link = \| first2 = \| last2 = \| author2-link = \| editor-last = \| editor-first = \| editor2-last = \| editor2-first = \| contribution = \| contribution-url = \| title = \| year = \| pages = \| place = \| publisher = \| url = \| doi = \| id = }}	{{Citation \| last1 = Turk \| first1 = M. \| last2 = Pet… \| first2 = A. \| contribution = Face recog… \| title = Proc IEEE Confere… \| publisher = IEEE \| pages = 586–591 \| year = 1991 }} Turk, M.; Petland, A. (1991), "Face recognition using eigenfaces", Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, pp. 586–591	{{Citation \| last1 = Evans \| first1 = N. R. \| last2 = Schaefer \| first2 = G. \| last3 = Bond \| first3 = H. \| last4 = Karovska \| first4 = M. \| last5 = Nelan \| first5 = E. \| last6 = Sasselov \| first6 = D. \| contribution = Direct detection of … \| title = American Astronomical… \| publisher = AAS \| date = 2006-01-09 \| year = 2006 \| contribution-url = http://…30.htm }} Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G.; Bond, H.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E.; Sasselov, D. (2006-01-09), "Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope", American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting, AAS
encyclopedia	{{cite encyclopedia}} Title encyclopedia	{{cite encyclopedia \| title = \| encyclopedia = \| volume = \| pages = \| publisher = \| date = \| id = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite encyclopedia \| title = Kirkegaard, Ole L… \| encyclopedia = Grote Wink… \| volume = 9 \| publisher = [[Winkler P…]] \| date = 1882 }} "Kirkegaard, Ole Lund". Grote Winkler Prins. 9. Winkler Prins. 1882.	{{cite encyclopedia \| last = Kramer \| first = Martin \| authorlink = Martin Kramer \| title = Bernard Lewis \| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Hist… \| volume = 1 \| pages = 719–720 \| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn \| location = London \| date = 1999 \| url = http://www.geocities.com/mart… \| accessdate = 2006-05-23 }} Kramer, Martin (1999). "Bernard Lewis". Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing. 1. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. pp. 719–720. http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm. Retrieved on 2006-05-23.
encyclopedia	{{Citation}} contribution=name of article	{{Citation \| last = \| first = \| contribution = \| year = \| title = \| editor-last = \| editor-first = \| volume = \| pages = \| place = \| publisher = \| id = }}	{{Citation \| contribution = Kirkegaard… \| title = Grote Winkler Pri… \| editor-last = Winkler Pri… \| editor-first = Anthony \| editor-link = Anthony Win… \| volume = 9 \| publisher = Elsevier \| year = 1882 }} Winkler Prins, Anthony, ed. (1882), "Kirkegaard, Ole Lund", Grote Winkler Prins, 9, Elsevier	{{Citation \| last = Kramer \| first = Martin \| author-link = Martin Kramer \| contribution = Bernard Lewis \| editor-last = Boyd \| editor-first = Kelley \| title = Encyclopedia of Historians … \| volume = 1 \| pages = 719–720 \| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn \| place = London \| year = 1999 \| contribution-url = http://…is.htm }} Kramer, Martin (1999), "Bernard Lewis", in Boyd, Kelley, Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720
news article	{{cite news}} Title	{{cite news \| last = \| first = \| coauthors = \| title = \| work = \| place = \| pages = \| language = \| publisher = \| date = \| url = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite news \| last = McGee \| first = Maggie \| title = Seabed 'scarred' … \| pages = 12–27 \| publisher = CNN \| date = [[2005-02-10]] \| url = http://www.cnn.com/… \| accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} McGee, Maggie (2005-02-10). "Seabed 'scarred' by tsunami quake". CNN. pp. 12–27. http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/asiapcf/02/10/tsunami.ship.ap/index.html. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.	{{cite news \| last = Andersen \| first = David \| coauthors = Witter, Lameen \| title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO… \| publisher = Marine Corps News \| date = [[2006-02-17]] \| url = http://www.military.com/Caree… \| accessdate = 2006-06-02 }} Andersen, David; Witter, Lameen (2006-02-17). "Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success". Marine Corps News. http://www.military.com/Careers/Content1?file=careersArticlesGoDaddy.htm&area=Reference. Retrieved on 2006-06-02.
news article	{{Citation}} newspaper (or magazine, journal, periodical)	{{Citation \| last = \| first = \| author-link = \| last2 = \| first2 = \| author2-link = \| title = \| newspaper = \| pages = \| year = \| date = \| url = }}	{{Citation \| last=Cowdery \| first=Oliver \| author-link=Oliver Cowdery \| title=Letter VIII \| newspaper=[[Latter Day Sa… \| volume=2 \| issue=1 \| pages=195–202 \| year=1835 \| date=October 1835 \| url=http://www.centerp… }} Cowdery, Oliver (October 1835), "Letter VIII", Messenger and Advocate 2 (1): 195–202, http://www.centerplace.org/history/ma/v2n01.htm#195	{{Citation \| last1 = Andersen \| first1 = David \| last2 = Witter \| first2 = Lameen \| title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO… \| newspaper = Marine Corps News \| date = 2006-02-17 \| year = 2006 \| url = http://www.military.com/Ca… }} Andersen, David; Witter, Lameen (2006-02-17), "Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success", Marine Corps News, http://www.military.com/Careers/Content1?file=careersArticlesGoDaddy.htm&area=Reference
website	{{cite web}} title url	{{cite web \| last = \| first = \| authorlink = \| coauthors = \| title = \| work = \| publisher = \| date = \| url = \| format = \| doi = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite web \| last = Spiegel \| first = Rachel \| title = Research: Thalido… \| url=http://science-educat… \| accessdate = 2006-04-30 }} Spiegel, Rachel. "Research in the News: Thalidomide". http://science-education.nih.gov/nihHTML/ose/snapshots/multimedia/ritn/Thalidomide/index.html. Retrieved on 2006-04-30.	{{cite web \| last = Hansen \| first = James E. \| authorlink = James Hansen \| coauthors = R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and … \| title = GISS Surface Temperature An… \| work = \| publisher = [[Goddard Institute for… \| date = 2005-12-15 \| url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis… \| format = \| doi = \| accessdate = 2006-09-28 }} Hansen, James E.; R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and K. Lo (2005-12-15). "GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation". NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/2005/. Retrieved on 2006-09-28.
website	{{Citation}} title url	{{Citation \| last = \| first = \| author-link = \| last2 = \| first2 = \| author2-link = \| title = \| date = \| year = \| url = \| accessdate = }}	{{Citation \| last = Spiegel \| first = Rachel \| title = Research: Thalido… \| url=http://science-educat… \| accessdate = 2006-04-30 }} Spiegel, Rachel, Research in the News: Thalidomide, http://science-education.nih.gov/nihHTML/ose/snapshots/multimedia/ritn/Thalidomide/index.html, retrieved on 2006-04-30	{{Citation \| last1 = Hansen \| first1 = James E. \| author1-link = James Hansen \| last2 = Ruedy \| first2 = R. \| last3 = Sato \| first3 = M. \| last4 = Lo \| first4 = K. \| title = GISS Surface Temperature An… \| date = 2005-12-15 \| year = 2005 \| url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis… \| accessdate = 2006-09-28 }} Hansen, James E.; Ruedy, R.; Sato, M.; Lo, K. (2005-12-15), GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation, http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/2005/, retrieved on 2006-09-28
newsgroup posting DO NOT USE TO VERIFY	{{cite newsgroup}} Title	{{cite newsgroup \| title = \| author = \| date = \| newsgroup = \| id = \| url = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite newsgroup \| author = Gary S. Terhune \| title = Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del… \| date = 2004-01-11 \| newsgroup = microsoft.pub… \| id = uAIVMjC2DHA.2336@TK2… \| url = http://groups.googl… \| accessdate = 2006-05-16 }} Gary S. Terhune (2004-01-11). "Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del function on W98, 2nd". microsoft.public.win98.gen_discussion. (Web link). Retrieved on 2006-05-16.	{{cite newsgroup \| title = How can helping "Kids in Af… \| author = Trodel \| date = 2006-06-10 \| newsgroup= humanities.philosophy.ob… \| id = 1149950890.204481.35810@h76g20… \| url = http://groups.google.com/grou… \| accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} Trodel (2006-06-10). "How can helping "Kids in Africa" be in my self interest". humanities.philosophy.objectivism. (Web link). Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
paper thesis dissertation	{{cite paper}} Title	{{cite paper \| first = \| last = \| author = \| authorlink = \| coauthors = \| title = \| version = \| publisher = \| date = \| url = \| format = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite paper \| author = Ziman, J.M., F.R… \| title = Public Knowledge:… \| date = 1968 \| url =http://info.med.yale… \| format = [[Portable Document Format\|PDF]] \| accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} Ziman, J.M., F.R.S. (1968) (PDF). Public Knowledge: An essay concerning the social dimension of science. http://info.med.yale.edu/therarad/summers/ziman.htm. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.	{{cite paper \| author = Williamson, John \| coauthors = Zagha, Roberto \| title = From the Hindu Rate of Grow… \| version = Working Paper No 144 \| publisher = Center for Research on … \| date = 2002 \| url = http://scid.stanford.e…144.pdf \| format = [[Portable Document Format\|PDF]] \| accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} Williamson, John; Zagha, Roberto (2002) (PDF). From the Hindu Rate of Growth to the Hindu Rate of Reform. Working Paper No. 144. Center for research on economic development and policy reform. http://scid.stanford.edu/pdf/credpr144.pdf. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
patent	{{Citation}} inventor-last	{{Citation \| inventor-last = \| inventor-first = \| inventorlink = \| inventor2-last = \| inventor2-first = \| inventorlink2 = \| publication-date = \| issue-date = \| title = \| country-code = \| description = \| patent-number = }}	{{citation \| inventor1-last = Degermark \| inventor1-first = Mikael \| inventor2-last = Brodnik \| inventor2-first = Andrej \| inventor3-last = Carlsson \| inventor3-first = Svante \| inventor4-last = Pink \| inventor4-first = Stephen \| title = Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams \| issue-date = 2001 \| patent-number = 6266706 \| country-code = US}} Degermark, Mikael; Andrej Brodnik & Svante Carlsson et al., "Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams", US 6266706, issued 2001
press release	{{cite press release}} Title	{{cite press release \| title = \| publisher = \| date = \| url = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite press release \| title = Nature compares W… \| publisher = The Wikimedia… \| date = [[2005-12-15]] \| url = http://en.wikipedia… \| accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} The Wikimedia Foundation (2005-12-15). Nature compares Wikipedia and Britannica. Press release. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Press_releases/Nature_compares_Wikipedia_and_Britannica. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.	{{cite press release \| title = HFPA Announces Timetable fo… \| publisher = [[Hollywood Foreign P…]] \| date = [[2006-05-25]] \| url = http://www.hfpa.org/news/id/32 \| accessdate = 2006-06-13 }} Hollywood Foreign Press Association (2006-05-25). HFPA Announces Timetable for 64th Annual Golden Globe Awards. Press release. http://www.hfpa.org/news/id/32. Retrieved on 2006-06-13.
video (movie, television production, documentary, etc.)	{{cite video}} people title	{{cite video \| people = \| title = \| medium = \| publisher = \| location = \| year2 = }}	{{cite video \| people = Al-Issawi, Omar … \| title = [http://www.imdb…] \| medium = TV-Series \| publisher = Al-Issawi, Om… \| location = Lebanon \| year2 = 2001 }} Al-Issawi, Omar (Director). (2001). Harab libnan. [Television production]. Lebanon: Al-Issawi, Omar.	{{cite video \| people = Dick Cavett \| title = The Dick Cavett Show — Rock… \| medium = DVD \| publisher = Shout Factory \| year2 = 2005 }} Dick Cavett. (2005). The Dick Cavett Show — Rock Icons (1969). [DVD]. Shout Factory.
television or radio episode	{{cite episode}} title	{{cite episode \| title = \| episodelink = \| series = \| serieslink = \| airdate = \| season = \| number = }}	{{cite episode \| title = Tabula Rasa \| episodelink = Tabula Rasa … \| series = Lost \| serieslink = Lost (TV Seri… \| airdate = 2004-10-06 \| season = 1 \| number = 3 }} "Tabula Rasa". Lost. 2004-10-06. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabula+Rasa+%28Lost%29. No. 3, season 1.	{{cite episode \| title = Duet \| episodelink = Duet (Stargate Atlant… \| series = Stargate Atlantis \| serieslink = Stargate Atlantis \| airdate = 2005-08-05 \| season = 2 \| number = 4 }} "Duet". Stargate Atlantis. 2005-08-05. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duet+%28Stargate+Atlantis%29. No. 4, season 2.
court case (legal decision)	{{cite court}}	{{cite court \|litigants = \|vol = \|reporter = \|opinion = \|pinpoint = \|court = \|date = \|url= }}	{{cite court \|litigants=Roe v. Wade \|vol=410 \|reporter=U.S. \|opinion=113 \|pinpoint= \|court= \|date=1973 \|url=http://www.law.corn… }} Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973).
map	{{cite map}} publisher title edition	{{cite map \|publisher = \|title = \|url = \|edition = \|section = \|accessdate = }}	{{cite map \|publisher=Kansas Departmen… \|title=Official State Trans… \|url=http://www.ksdot.org/b… \|edition=2005-2006 \|section=F9 \|accessdate=2007-03-30 }} Kansas Department of Transportation. Official State Transportation Map [map], 2005-2006 edition. Section F9. Retrieved on 2007-03-30.	{{cite map \|publisher=Skelly Oil Company \|title=Highway Map of Oklahoma \|cartography=Diversified Map Co \|edition=1966 \|section=11C }} Skelly Oil Company. Highway Map of Oklahoma [map], 1966 edition. Cartography by Diversified Map Co. Section 11C.
mailing list	{{cite mailing list}} title url	{{cite mailing list \| last = \| first = \| authorlink = \| title = \| mailinglist = \| date = \| url = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite mailing list \|last=Murdock \|first=Ian \|authorlink=Ian Murdock \|title=Debian GNU/Linux 0.9… \|mailinglist=debian-announce \|date=1995-10-26 \|url=http://lists.debian.or… \|accessdate=2007-04-20 }} Murdock, Ian (1995-10-26). "Debian GNU/Linux 0.93 Release 6 now available". debian-announce mailing list. http://lists.debian.org/debian-announce/debian-announce-1995/msg00007.html. Retrieved on 2007-04-20.
video game	{{cite video game}} title developer	{{cite video game \| title = \| developer = \| publisher = \| date = \| platform = \| version = \| level = \| language = \| isolang = \| quote = }}	{{cite video game \|title=[[Halo 3]] \|developer= [[Bungie]] \|publisher=[[Microsoft Game Studios]] \|date=2007-09-25 \|platform=[[Xbox 360]] \|version=1.0 \|level=The Storm \|language=English \|isolang= \|quote='''Arbiter''': More Brutes? / '''Master Chief''': Worse. Bungie. Halo 3. (Microsoft Game Studios). Xbox 360, (v1.0). Level/area: The Storm (in English). (2007-09-25) "Arbiter: More Brutes? / Master Chief: Worse."

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